North Korean House of Cards

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Kwang-chol, a North Korean trade official who was a Vice Director of the State Security Department (SSD), which formally reported up to the KWP Administrative Department. 444 Om, in his other position as President of the Sinhung Trading Company, allegedly received letters of consignment from Kim Jong-il’s office via Rungra 888, a trading company tied to General Bureau 73. These letters allowed Om to assign tasks to other parts of the Royal Economy, such as Office 39 and the military, through their own trading companies. 445 Kim Jong-il may have allowed this kind of network to develop because much of the legal and illicit deals were deeply tied to Dalian Global, a trading company located in China that was a critical hub for regional goods and services to be funneled into North Korea. 446 Because of its long-standing on-the-ground presence in China, the SSD would have been uniquely suited to run these sensitive operations. 444 “Detour Route to China, South Korea Used for Illegal Exports to DPRK, Senior DPRK Official Directs Trade,” Sankei Shimbun, February 3, 2010. 445 Ibid. These letters of consignment were mainly for luxury goods. In one case, Om ordered cosmetics and foodstuffs through a trading company called Suruusu Ltd, based in Osaka, under the pretense of exporting the goods to Dalian. In fact, the goods were diverted to North Korea. In another case, Om tasked the Office 39 apparatus to work through Dalian Global to secure illegally exported Mercedes-Benz luxury cars and pianos from Japan to North Korea. In a non-luxury item case, Tadao Morita Co., Ltd., a company dealing in used cars located in Maizuru City (Kyoto Prefecture) was caught trying to export large tanker trucks that could be converted for military use to North Korea by pretending to export them to South Korea. 446 In the late 2000s, a lucrative channel for luxury goods and dual-use items was Japan, where several companies, because of financial problems, were willing to overlook export controls. Of note were the following: Meisho Yoko, which did business with HELM Pyongyang (controlled by Rungra 888); Toko Boeki, which did business with New East International Trading Ltd. (controlled by the SEC); Tadao Morita Company, which did business with Paekho 7 Trading (run by the KPA); Meishin, which did business with Korea Daesong No. 3 Trading Corporation (controlled by Office 39); and Keinan Trading, which did business with Sinhung Trading (controlled by the SSD). Ken E. Gause 203
Chart 10: Jang’s Channel into the Royal Economy Revolutionary Funds Kim Jong-il General Bureau 73 KPA Office 39 KWP Administrative Department Rungra 888 Paekho 7 Rung Ra-to Trading SSD Sinhung Trading Trucks Luxury Items Tasking Tasking Daily Items ROK Shell Company via China Dalian Global Direct control and information flow Indirect control and information flow By allowing this manner of business to go forward, Kim Jong-il gave Jang Song-taek authority inside an infrastructure that, up until that point, had answered exclusively to the Supreme Leader. At the time, it most likely fit with Kim’s strategy for pushing forward the succession. Jang was vital to this strategy and Kim Kyong-hui was well-positioned to ensure that his ambitions did not get out of hand. In addition, the KWP Administrative Department continued to pay into Kim’s “revolutionary funds,” a sign of loyalty and trust throughout the regime. Chart 11: Movement of “Revolutionary Funds” Within the Regime $ $ Supreme Leader (Kim Jong-il) $ $ $ Other Cabinet Office 39 KWP Administrative Department (Jang Song-taek) KPA Notional departments Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 204
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North Korean House of Cards Leaders
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Copyright © 2015 Committee for Hum
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Jack David Senior Fellow, Hudson In
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3. The Regent Structure............
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d. Ministry of People’s Security.
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II. PREFACE After his seminal 2012
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the reader that many are purged bec
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IV. ABOUT THIS STUDY There are nume
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VI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Merriam-Webst
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ultimate decision maker and sole so
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humanity; in order to understand cr
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32. NIS: South Korean National Inte
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egent structure would begin to chan
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However, there is very little evide
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IX. SECTION ONE: NORTH KOREAN LEADE
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All Party members, military men, an
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Dressed in black, gloveless, and ba
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choreography of the transfer of pow
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suffered a stroke. 18, 19 A month l
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the GPB in the Kim Jong-il era, beg
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2009 from Chief of the GSD to Comma
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posting, Ri had been the Fifth Corp
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Days after Jang Jong-nam was identi
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4. Civil-Military Relations by Mid-
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above, especially the purge of Ri Y
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leaders include Choe Ryong-hae, Kim
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of the military. More than that of
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B. CHAPTER TWO: THE PURGE OF JANG S
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afforded Jang the opportunity to me
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and merged into the RGB as Bureaus
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to as the éminence grise, who was
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a. Kim Jong-il’s Will In 2012, de
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A second rumor suggests that Jang
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KWP OGD, and the SSD, to construct
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ut his pleas went unanswered. At th
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eferred to him as an “unparallele
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out of the picture, 163 the connect
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ankings in October 2013 and then fe
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Jong-il, such as Ri Su-yong (Ri Cho
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ones, lowering the average age of t
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the regime. Throughout 2013, Choe a
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4. Kim Jong-un and the Wider Leader
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Armed Forces, 202 had been executed
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Solso
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Songn
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Table 2: Second Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position(s) Comments Miltary/
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Name Position(s) Comments General K
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Table 3: Third Echelon of Power Nam
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Name Position(s) Comments Ju Kyucha
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Name Position(s) Comments General P
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Name Position(s) Comments Ro Tu-cho
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Table 4: Fourth Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Hong Yongchi
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Name Position Comments Jo Thae-san
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Name Position Comments Government R
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Name Position Comments Kim Choljin
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Name Relation Comments Ri Il-hyok K
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Name Relation Comments Cha Cholma S
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While there is debate within the co
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• The Royal Economy. This chapter
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within the leadership in the mid-19
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ase of power. 261 Decision-making o
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The Tenth SPA convened in Pyongyang
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system of socialism.” 273 For man
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Leader. However, this will not last
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Image 11: Kim Jong-il’s signature
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Image 13: National Security meeting
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Image 15: A March 13, 2013 military
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. Kim Jong-un’s Role as Decision
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The Friday meetings focus on milita
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and its Presidium organize and dire
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KWP Charter, the CMC “discusses a
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worldview. 312 He would hone these
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constraints established by his fath
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Fully assuming the role of Supreme
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Page 163 and 164: 1. The Personal Secretariat under K
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Page 167 and 168: Kim Jong-il Secretariat was not an
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Page 171 and 172: a. Personal Secretariat Personnel a
Page 173 and 174: In 2013, South Korean media reports
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Page 177 and 178: . Secretarial Office of the Central
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Page 181 and 182: administrative. Kim Jong-il, a more
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Page 185 and 186: C. CHAPTER SIX: THE ROYAL ECONOMY
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Page 189 and 190: Following the creation of Office 39
Page 191 and 192: The Early European Connection In th
Page 193 and 194: numerous subordinate trade and fore
Page 195 and 196: According to a former diplomat who
Page 197 and 198: National Intelligence Service (NIS)
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Page 211: Jang’s Channel to China The Korea
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Page 221 and 222: • The KWP Administrative Departme
Page 223 and 224: • Tourism represents a growing so
Page 225 and 226: Chart 12: Jang’s Tapping into Mil
Page 227 and 228: In addition to these reforms, Kim J
Page 229 and 230: Despite the regime’s efforts to s
Page 231 and 232: Night of the Long Knives. Saddam Hu
Page 233 and 234: In the months following the Party c
Page 235 and 236: According to South Korean sources,
Page 237 and 238: In April 2012, the regime made a nu
Page 239 and 240: National Security Meeting, January
Page 241 and 242: focus of the meeting was tied to lo
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Page 247 and 248: it became more difficult for trader
Page 249 and 250: Name Post Relationship to the OGD M
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Page 257 and 258: i. Structure The headquarters of th
Page 259 and 260: Chart 18: Organizational Chart of t
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Palace of the Sun, which holds the
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ii. Cordon of Security: Relationshi
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iii. Role in the Regime It is assum
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assume the role of political office
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• The Eighth Bureau (Border Secur
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Chart 21: Organizational Chart of t
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d. Ministry of People’s Security
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chain of command and is responsible
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olstering internal security. Provin
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Chart 22: Organizational Chart of t
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associate, these fortunes began to
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offices: the Cadre Department, the
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Jo Kyong-chol seated at the far lef
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XI. CONCLUSION To commemorate the 1
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Others see a ruthless regime that i
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it remains to be seen whether this
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continues to create the image of a
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had been executed by anti-aircraft
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• General Ri Yong-gil (60) has be
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2. Party • Kang Sok-ju (76) has b
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• Kim Song-nam (62) is an alterna
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domestic and social issues .668 He
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may occasionally be able to reach o
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Committee list.At the Third Session
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1970s, 692 but his career was resur
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Vice Chairman of the NDC, O Kuk-ryo
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of communication to Kim Jong-un lik
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• Ju Kyu-chang (87) has been an a
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General Pak as his successor withou
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as the “Storm Corps.” He first
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present for Kim Jong-un’s guidanc
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senior leadership are evident in hi
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on debt settlement issues with Russ
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Date Visit Gift (as described in No
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Date Visit Gift (as described in No
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XIV. APPENDIX C: NORTH KOREAN MILIT
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Insignia Title/Name 소좌 (So-jwa)
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B. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY NAVAL FOR
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Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
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C. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY AIR FORCE
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Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
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XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books and Journ
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54. Cathcart, Adam. “Thrice-Curse
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117. “Is Kim Jong Un Playing Musi
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191. Lee, Gyo-Gwan. “Kim Jong-il
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264. “North Korea’s Kim Jong-un
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Committee for Human Rights in North
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North Korean House of Cards

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