North Korean House of Cards

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Insignia Title/Name 하사 (Ha-sa) Junior Sergeant 상급병사 (Sang-geup-byong-sa) Corporal 중급병사 (Jung-geup-byeong-sa) Senior Aircraftman 하급병사 (Ha-geup-byeong-sa) Leading Aircraftman 전사 (Jun-sa) Aircraftman Insignia images illustrated by Kaidor [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons Ken E. Gause 335
XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books and Journal Articles 1. Baird, Merrily. “Kim Chong-il’s Erratic Decision-making and North Korea’s Strategic Culture.” In Know Thy Enemy: Profiles of Adversary Leaders and Their Strategic Cultures, edited by Barry R. Schneider and Jerrold M. Post. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: USAF Counterproliferation Center, 2003. 2. Bermudez, Joseph S., Jr. Shield of the Great Leader. St. Leonards, Australia: Allen and Unwin, 2001. 3. Cheong, Seong-Chang. DPRK Leadership Under Kim Jong-un. Seoul: Sejong Institute, 2012. 4. ———.“Process for Policymaking Regarding National Security.” Yonhap News Agency: Vantage Point 36, no. 4 (April 2013). 5. ———. “Stalinism and Kimilsungism: A Comparative Analysis of Ideology and Power.” Asian Perspective 24, no. 1 (2000). 6. Choi, Jin-Wook. “The Changing Party-State System and Outlook for Reform in North Korea.” International Journal of Korean Unification Studies 18, No. 1 (2009). 7. ———. “The Dawn of the Kim Jong Eun Regime and the Choice for North Korea.” Korea Institute for National Unification: Online Series 12, No. 17 (May 15, 2012). 8. Chong, Chang-Hyon. Gyeoteso Bon Kim Jong-il [The Kim Jong-il that I saw]. Seoul: Kimyongsa, 2000. 9. Cho, Young-Seo. “The Distinctive Nature of the Kim Jong-un Regime in North Korea and Prospects for its Change.” Yonhap News Agency: Vantage Point 36, No. 9 (September 2013). 10. Clippinger, Morgan E. “Kim Chong-il in the North Korean Mass Media: A Study of Semi-Esoteric Communication.” Asian Survey 21, no. 3 (March 1981). 11. Cumings, Bruce. Korea’s Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1998. 12. DPRK National Defense Commission Order No. 7. (1994). 13. Eya, Osamu. Great Illustrated Book of Kim Chong-il. Tokyo: Shogakukan, 1994. 14. Gause, Ken E. Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of the North Korean Police State, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2013. 15. ———. North Korean Leadership Dynamics and Decision-making under Kim Jong-un: A Second Year Assessment. Alexandria, VA: CNA Occasional Publication 2014-U-006988, March 2014. 16. ———. “The North Korean Leadership: System Dynamics and Fault Lines.” In North Korean Policy Elites. Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analysis Paper P-3903, June 2004. 17. ———.“North Korea’s Political System in the Transition Era: The Role and Influence of the Party Apparatus.” In North Korea in Transition, edited by Scott Snyder and Kyung-Ae Park. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012. 18. ———. North Korea Under Kim Chong-il: Power, Politics, and Prospects for Change. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2011. 19. Greitens, Sheena Chestnut. Illicit: North Korea’s Evolving Operations to Earn Hard Currency. Washington, D.C.: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2014. 20. Haggard, Stephan and Marcus Noland. “Follow the Money: North Korea’s External Resources and Constraints.” 2008 Korea’s Economy, Korea Economic Institute (2008). 21. Hawk, David. “National Security Agency.” In The Hidden Gulag, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012. 22. Hirai, Hisashi . Kitachosen no Shidotaisei to Kokei. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2011. 23. Ho, Hye-il. Bukan Yojigyeong [Kaleidoscope of North Korea]. Seoul: Malgeun Sori Publishing, 2006. 24. Hyon, Song-il. Bukanui Gukgajeollyakgwa Pawo Elliteu [North Korea’s National Strategy and Power Elite]. Seoul: Sunin Publishing, 2007. 25. Ino, Seiichi. Kim Jong-Il’s Will. Tokyo: Asahi Shimbun Publications, Inc., 2009. 26. “Iran-DPRK Missile Cooperation, Role of Office No. 99.” Tokyo: Japan Policy Institute, February 7, 2008. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 336
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North Korean House of Cards Leaders
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Copyright © 2015 Committee for Hum
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Jack David Senior Fellow, Hudson In
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3. The Regent Structure............
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d. Ministry of People’s Security.
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II. PREFACE After his seminal 2012
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the reader that many are purged bec
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IV. ABOUT THIS STUDY There are nume
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VI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Merriam-Webst
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ultimate decision maker and sole so
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humanity; in order to understand cr
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32. NIS: South Korean National Inte
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egent structure would begin to chan
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However, there is very little evide
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IX. SECTION ONE: NORTH KOREAN LEADE
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All Party members, military men, an
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Dressed in black, gloveless, and ba
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choreography of the transfer of pow
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suffered a stroke. 18, 19 A month l
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the GPB in the Kim Jong-il era, beg
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2009 from Chief of the GSD to Comma
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posting, Ri had been the Fifth Corp
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Days after Jang Jong-nam was identi
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4. Civil-Military Relations by Mid-
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above, especially the purge of Ri Y
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leaders include Choe Ryong-hae, Kim
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of the military. More than that of
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B. CHAPTER TWO: THE PURGE OF JANG S
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afforded Jang the opportunity to me
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and merged into the RGB as Bureaus
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to as the éminence grise, who was
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a. Kim Jong-il’s Will In 2012, de
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A second rumor suggests that Jang
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KWP OGD, and the SSD, to construct
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ut his pleas went unanswered. At th
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eferred to him as an “unparallele
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out of the picture, 163 the connect
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ankings in October 2013 and then fe
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Jong-il, such as Ri Su-yong (Ri Cho
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ones, lowering the average age of t
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the regime. Throughout 2013, Choe a
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4. Kim Jong-un and the Wider Leader
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Armed Forces, 202 had been executed
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Solso
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Songn
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Table 2: Second Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position(s) Comments Miltary/
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Name Position(s) Comments General K
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Table 3: Third Echelon of Power Nam
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Name Position(s) Comments Ju Kyucha
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Name Position(s) Comments General P
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Name Position(s) Comments Ro Tu-cho
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Table 4: Fourth Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Hong Yongchi
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Name Position Comments Jo Thae-san
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Name Position Comments Government R
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Name Position Comments Kim Choljin
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Name Relation Comments Ri Il-hyok K
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Name Relation Comments Cha Cholma S
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While there is debate within the co
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• The Royal Economy. This chapter
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within the leadership in the mid-19
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ase of power. 261 Decision-making o
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The Tenth SPA convened in Pyongyang
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system of socialism.” 273 For man
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Leader. However, this will not last
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Image 11: Kim Jong-il’s signature
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Image 13: National Security meeting
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Image 15: A March 13, 2013 military
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. Kim Jong-un’s Role as Decision
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The Friday meetings focus on milita
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and its Presidium organize and dire
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KWP Charter, the CMC “discusses a
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worldview. 312 He would hone these
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constraints established by his fath
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Fully assuming the role of Supreme
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As the guidance in Kim Jong-il’s
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1. The Personal Secretariat under K
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of Kim’s death in 2011, it is rum
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Kim Jong-il Secretariat was not an
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and manner of operation, however, a
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a. Personal Secretariat Personnel a
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In 2013, South Korean media reports
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Supreme Command apparatus to the GS
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. Secretarial Office of the Central
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from the field commands, as well as
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administrative. Kim Jong-il, a more
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overseeing the implementation of th
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C. CHAPTER SIX: THE ROYAL ECONOMY
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for Kim Il-sung’s own consolidati
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Following the creation of Office 39
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The Early European Connection In th
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numerous subordinate trade and fore
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According to a former diplomat who
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National Intelligence Service (NIS)
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gifts through their place of employ
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ack to Office 39 and into the Royal
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from Office 38 to Office 99 in 2005
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General Trading Corporation, then a
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Hong Kong, and Singapore. These bus
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Kim Jong-il’s private secretary a
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Jang’s Channel to China The Korea
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Chart 10: Jang’s Channel into the
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the Royal Economy. In the summer of
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projects ends up in the Royal Econo
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leadership dynamics inside North Ko
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• The KWP Administrative Departme
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• Tourism represents a growing so
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Chart 12: Jang’s Tapping into Mil
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In addition to these reforms, Kim J
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Despite the regime’s efforts to s
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Night of the Long Knives. Saddam Hu
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In the months following the Party c
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According to South Korean sources,
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In April 2012, the regime made a nu
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National Security Meeting, January
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focus of the meeting was tied to lo
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of the GC escorted Jang from the ha
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as it related to the KWP Administra
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it became more difficult for trader
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Name Post Relationship to the OGD M
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Star.” 545 His elevation in North
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the command and control structure o
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the connections between the larger
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i. Structure The headquarters of th
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Chart 18: Organizational Chart of t
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Pyongyang Anti-Aircraft Artillery C
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Palace of the Sun, which holds the
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ii. Cordon of Security: Relationshi
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iii. Role in the Regime It is assum
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assume the role of political office
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• The Eighth Bureau (Border Secur
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d. Ministry of People’s Security
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chain of command and is responsible
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olstering internal security. Provin
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associate, these fortunes began to
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offices: the Cadre Department, the
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Jo Kyong-chol seated at the far lef
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XI. CONCLUSION To commemorate the 1
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Others see a ruthless regime that i
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Page 295 and 296: continues to create the image of a
Page 297 and 298: had been executed by anti-aircraft
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Page 301 and 302: 2. Party • Kang Sok-ju (76) has b
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Page 309 and 310: Committee list.At the Third Session
Page 311 and 312: 1970s, 692 but his career was resur
Page 313 and 314: Vice Chairman of the NDC, O Kuk-ryo
Page 315 and 316: of communication to Kim Jong-un lik
Page 317 and 318: • Ju Kyu-chang (87) has been an a
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Page 321 and 322: as the “Storm Corps.” He first
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Page 325 and 326: senior leadership are evident in hi
Page 327 and 328: on debt settlement issues with Russ
Page 329 and 330: Date Visit Gift (as described in No
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Page 333 and 334: XIV. APPENDIX C: NORTH KOREAN MILIT
Page 335 and 336: Insignia Title/Name 소좌 (So-jwa)
Page 337 and 338: B. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY NAVAL FOR
Page 339 and 340: Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
Page 341 and 342: C. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY AIR FORCE
Page 343: Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
Page 347 and 348: 54. Cathcart, Adam. “Thrice-Curse
Page 349 and 350: 117. “Is Kim Jong Un Playing Musi
Page 351 and 352: 191. Lee, Gyo-Gwan. “Kim Jong-il
Page 353 and 354: 264. “North Korea’s Kim Jong-un
Page 356: Committee for Human Rights in North
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North Korean House of Cards

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