North Korean House of Cards

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88. “DPRK Party Organ Names Members on State Funeral Committee for Late Kim Kuk-t’ae.” Nodong Sinmun, December 15, 2013. 89. “DPRK Party Organ on Chagang, Yanggang Provincial Meetings for WPK Conference.” KCNA, September 3, 2010. 90. “DPRK TV Shows Photos of Kim Jong Un at Emergency Expanded Meeting of Central Military Commission.” KCTV, August 21, 2015. 91. “Economic Reforms Stalled, Controls on Economy Tightened One Year After Death of Kim Jong-il.” Sankei Shimbun, November 29, 2012. 92. “The Emergence of an Elite More Feared than the Supreme Leader.” New Focus International, December 9, 2014. 93. “Enlarged Meeting of Central Military Commission of WPK Held under Guidance of Kim Jong Un” KCNA. February 3, 2013. 94. “Exclusive: DPRK Security Head Ryu Kyong Purged.” NKChosun.com, May 20, 2011. 95. “Exclusive: Elite purges ahead, fracturing among N. Korea’s power circles.” New Focus International, September 1, 2014. 96. “Exclusive: Jang Song-thaek was executed following his letter to Chinese leadership.” New Focus International, June 30, 2014. 97. “Exclusive: ‘Kim Jong-un is a Puppet’ in the Eyes of North Korean Elite.” New Focus International, March 7, 2014. 98. “Explosion of Soaring Rage of Millions of Soldiers and People, Traitor for All Ages Firmly Punished—Special Military Tribunal of the DPRK Ministry of State Security Against Jang Song Taek, Unparalleled Traitor for All Ages.” KCBS, December 12, 2013. 99. “Extensive Analysis of the Supreme Nerve Center of the Korean People’s Army.” Shindong-A, May-1 June 2006. 100. “Foreign Currency Earning Constructions in Africa.” Daily NK, June 21, 2010. 101. Gale, Alastair. “Cash Crunch Hits North Korea’s Elite.” Wall Street Journal, October 8, 2015. 102. Gang, Byeong-Han. “Jang Song-thaek was Purged Because of Conflicts Surrounding Coal Mining Rights.” The Kyunghyang Shinmun, December 24, 2013. 103. Gertz, Bill. “North Korea Elite Linked to Crime.” Washington Times, May 24, 2010. 104. “‘Jang’s Confidant’ Mun Kyong Tok Disappears From the North’s Official Events…Has He Been Purged?” Yonhap News Agency, February 18, 2014. 105. “Jang Song-taek’s Purge was Expected a Long Ago.” NKSIS, December 10, 2013. 106. Jang, Yong-Hoon. “What Kind of an Organization Is North Korea’s Kwangmyongsong Guidance Bureau?” Yonhap News Agency, December 3, 2002. 107. Jeong, Yong-Soo. “North Replaces Commander of Key Frontline Unit.” Korea JoongAng Daily, April 30, 2013. 108. ———. “To Curb Jang Song-taek’s Influence, Kim Jong-un Completely Reshuffles Core of the Military.” Korea JoongAng Daily, July 3, 2012. 109. Haggard, Stephan. “Military Promotions in the DPRK.” North Korea: Witness to Transformation, Peterson Institute for International Economics, August 13, 2013. 110. “Hamgyong Province: Can there be Factionalism in North Korea?” New Focus International, February 27, 2013. 111. Hann, Sung-Kwan. “North Korea, Getting Ready for Total Revolution and Opening in 2019, What’s the Behind Story?” NKSIS, June 7, 2012. 112. Hong, Sung-Ki. “South Korea Needs New Policy on North Korea in Kim Jong Un Era.” Daily NK, September 2, 2015. 113. “How Kim Jong Un Gets Rid Of Threats To His Power.” The Chosun Ilbo, May 18, 2015. 114. “Inheritance of Wealth Among Children of People in Power in North Korea.” Dong-A Ilbo, September 16, 2015. 115. “Interview: Unprecedented insights into North Korea’s military structure.” New Focus International, January 11, 2014. 116. Ishimaru, Jiro. “North Korean Authorities Distribute Jang Song-thaek ‘Purge List’ to Local Officials.” AsiaPress International, January 28, 2014. Ken E. Gause 339
117. “Is Kim Jong Un Playing Musical Chairs At The Top?” The Chosun Ilbo, March 2, 2015. 118. “Is Kim Jong-un Throttling Back Personality Cult?” The Chosun Ilbo, July 8, 2013. 119. Jang, Cheol-Un. “Hong Yong-chil, New Face Who Frequently Accompanies the North’s Kim Jong Un on On-Site Guidance Trips, Draws Attention.” Yonhap News Agency, July 4, 2013. 120. Jeong, Yong-Soo. “Son of Kim Jong-un’s Chief Secretary Undergoes Ideological Training After Stepping Down from His Position.” Korea JoongAng Daily, February 24, 2014. 121. Jeong, Yong-Soo and Kim Hee-Jin. “Pyongyang Did China Business As It Purged Jang.” Korea JoongAng Daily, December 12, 2013. 122. Kang, Cheol-Hwan. “Story of ‘Mangyongdae Incident’ That Led to Sacking of North’s People’s Security Minister.” The Chosun Ilbo, April 9, 2011. 123. Kang, Cheol-Hwan and Lee Gyo-Gwan. “NK Report: State Security Department…Stops Even a Running Train.” The Chosun Ilbo, March 12, 2002. 124. Kang, Mi-Jin. “Kim ‘Repromotes’ Choi Bu Il.” Daily NK, June 11, 2013 125. ———. “New MPS Guidelines Portend Hard Times.” Daily NK, January 7, 2014. 126. ———. “NK Adds Kim Jong Il to ‘Ten Principles’.” Daily NK, August 9, 2013. 127. ———. “Regime Pushing To Stem Defection Tide,” Daily NK, January 15, 2014. 128. “Kang Sang-chun, New Director of the Secretariat for General Secretary Kim Jong-il.” Yonhap News Agency, April 25, 2002. 129. Kang, Seung-Woo. “Choe Solidifies Power Base.” Korea Times, December 24, 2013. 130. “Kang Sok Ju Meets European Politicians.” KCNA, March 6, 2014. 131. Kim, Ah-Young. “Targeting Pyongyang’s drug trade addiction.” Asia Times, June 18, 2003. 132. “Kim Chong-il Inherits ‘Great Leader’ Title.” JoongAng Ilbo, September 7, 1998. 133. Kim, Christine and Lee Young-Jong, “Kim Jong-un in charge of intelligence: Source.” Korea JoongAng Daily, April 21, 2011. 134. Kim, Hee-Jin. “Before His Death, Kim Jong Il Wrote Instructions.” Korea JoongAng Daily, April 14, 2012. 135. ———. “In First Year, Taming The Army Was Kim’s Goal.” Korea JoongAng Daily, December 17, 2012. 136. ———.“Inner Circle in Regime Mostly Stays Intact.” Korea JoongAng Daily, April 11, 2014. 137. Kim, Hye-Rim. “Kim Jong-il Receives Medical Examination by French Doctors.” Open Radio for North Korea, August 25, 2010. 138. “Kim Il-sung’s Love Child Works for N.Korea’s Foreign Ministry.” The Chosun Ilbo, July 2, 2015. 139. Kim, Jeong-Eun. “Strengthening Close Guard on North’s Kim Jong-un?” Yonhap News Agency, June 18, 2013. 140. Kim, Jeong-U. “A Full Account of the Purge of Jang Song-taek.” Chosun Monthly, January 2014. 141. “Kim Jong-il Sends Wreath to Bier of Late Ri Song-bok.” KCNA, May 21, 2001. 142. “Kim Jong Il’s Statue Erected At Kim Jong Il University Of People’s Security.” KCNA, July 19, 2013. 143. “Kim Jong-il’s Widow ‘Purged’.” The Chosun Ilbo, July 3, 2013. 144. “Kim Jong-il Visits Kwangbok Region Supermarket.” KCBS, December 15, 2014. 145. “Kim Jong-un Declares War on Spread of Foreign Trends via Cell Phones, Computers.” NK Intellectuals Solidarity, June 30, 2014. 146. “Kim Jong Un Gives Guidance at April 26 Cartoon Film Studio.” KCNA, November 26, 2014. 147. “Kim Jong Un Guides Drone Attack, Rocket Drills.” KCBS, March 20, 2013. 148. “Kim Jong Un Guides Meeting of WPK Central Military Commission.” KCNA, August 25, 2013. 149. “Kim Jong Un Guides Multiple-Rocket Launching Drill; No Date Given.” KCNA, December 29, 2014. 150. “Kim Jong Un Holds Operations Meeting March 29, Ratifies Plan for Firepower Strike.” KCBS, March 29, 2013. 151. “Kim Jong Un Inspects KPA Air, Air Defense Unit 458.” Nodong Sinmun, December 8, 2014. 152. “Kim Jong Un Marks Father’s Death By Promoting Key Aides.” The Asahi Shimbun, December 18, 2013. 153. “Kim Jong-un: North Korea’s Supreme Leader or State Puppet?” The Guardian, May 27, 2014. 154. “Kim Jong-un Orders Agents Overseas to Return Home to Achieve Generational Change.” Sankei Shimbun, December 22, 2014. 155. “Kim Jong Un Orders to Confer Rank of General Upon Minister of People’s Security.” KCNA, June 11, 2013. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 340
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North Korean House of Cards Leaders
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Copyright © 2015 Committee for Hum
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Jack David Senior Fellow, Hudson In
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3. The Regent Structure............
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d. Ministry of People’s Security.
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II. PREFACE After his seminal 2012
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the reader that many are purged bec
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IV. ABOUT THIS STUDY There are nume
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VI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Merriam-Webst
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ultimate decision maker and sole so
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humanity; in order to understand cr
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32. NIS: South Korean National Inte
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egent structure would begin to chan
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However, there is very little evide
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IX. SECTION ONE: NORTH KOREAN LEADE
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All Party members, military men, an
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Dressed in black, gloveless, and ba
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choreography of the transfer of pow
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suffered a stroke. 18, 19 A month l
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the GPB in the Kim Jong-il era, beg
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2009 from Chief of the GSD to Comma
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posting, Ri had been the Fifth Corp
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Days after Jang Jong-nam was identi
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4. Civil-Military Relations by Mid-
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above, especially the purge of Ri Y
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leaders include Choe Ryong-hae, Kim
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of the military. More than that of
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B. CHAPTER TWO: THE PURGE OF JANG S
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afforded Jang the opportunity to me
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and merged into the RGB as Bureaus
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to as the éminence grise, who was
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a. Kim Jong-il’s Will In 2012, de
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A second rumor suggests that Jang
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KWP OGD, and the SSD, to construct
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ut his pleas went unanswered. At th
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eferred to him as an “unparallele
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out of the picture, 163 the connect
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ankings in October 2013 and then fe
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Jong-il, such as Ri Su-yong (Ri Cho
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ones, lowering the average age of t
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the regime. Throughout 2013, Choe a
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4. Kim Jong-un and the Wider Leader
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Armed Forces, 202 had been executed
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Solso
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Songn
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Table 2: Second Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position(s) Comments Miltary/
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Name Position(s) Comments General K
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Table 3: Third Echelon of Power Nam
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Name Position(s) Comments Ju Kyucha
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Name Position(s) Comments General P
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Name Position(s) Comments Ro Tu-cho
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Table 4: Fourth Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Hong Yongchi
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Name Position Comments Jo Thae-san
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Name Position Comments Government R
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Name Position Comments Kim Choljin
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Name Relation Comments Ri Il-hyok K
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Name Relation Comments Cha Cholma S
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While there is debate within the co
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• The Royal Economy. This chapter
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within the leadership in the mid-19
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ase of power. 261 Decision-making o
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The Tenth SPA convened in Pyongyang
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system of socialism.” 273 For man
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Leader. However, this will not last
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Image 11: Kim Jong-il’s signature
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Image 13: National Security meeting
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Image 15: A March 13, 2013 military
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. Kim Jong-un’s Role as Decision
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The Friday meetings focus on milita
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and its Presidium organize and dire
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KWP Charter, the CMC “discusses a
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worldview. 312 He would hone these
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constraints established by his fath
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Fully assuming the role of Supreme
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As the guidance in Kim Jong-il’s
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1. The Personal Secretariat under K
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of Kim’s death in 2011, it is rum
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Kim Jong-il Secretariat was not an
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and manner of operation, however, a
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a. Personal Secretariat Personnel a
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In 2013, South Korean media reports
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Supreme Command apparatus to the GS
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. Secretarial Office of the Central
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from the field commands, as well as
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administrative. Kim Jong-il, a more
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overseeing the implementation of th
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C. CHAPTER SIX: THE ROYAL ECONOMY
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for Kim Il-sung’s own consolidati
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Following the creation of Office 39
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The Early European Connection In th
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numerous subordinate trade and fore
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According to a former diplomat who
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National Intelligence Service (NIS)
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gifts through their place of employ
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ack to Office 39 and into the Royal
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from Office 38 to Office 99 in 2005
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General Trading Corporation, then a
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Hong Kong, and Singapore. These bus
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Kim Jong-il’s private secretary a
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Jang’s Channel to China The Korea
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Chart 10: Jang’s Channel into the
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the Royal Economy. In the summer of
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projects ends up in the Royal Econo
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leadership dynamics inside North Ko
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• The KWP Administrative Departme
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• Tourism represents a growing so
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Chart 12: Jang’s Tapping into Mil
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In addition to these reforms, Kim J
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Despite the regime’s efforts to s
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Night of the Long Knives. Saddam Hu
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In the months following the Party c
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According to South Korean sources,
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In April 2012, the regime made a nu
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National Security Meeting, January
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focus of the meeting was tied to lo
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of the GC escorted Jang from the ha
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as it related to the KWP Administra
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it became more difficult for trader
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Name Post Relationship to the OGD M
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Star.” 545 His elevation in North
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the command and control structure o
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the connections between the larger
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i. Structure The headquarters of th
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Chart 18: Organizational Chart of t
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Pyongyang Anti-Aircraft Artillery C
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Palace of the Sun, which holds the
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ii. Cordon of Security: Relationshi
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iii. Role in the Regime It is assum
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assume the role of political office
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• The Eighth Bureau (Border Secur
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d. Ministry of People’s Security
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chain of command and is responsible
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olstering internal security. Provin
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associate, these fortunes began to
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offices: the Cadre Department, the
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Jo Kyong-chol seated at the far lef
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XI. CONCLUSION To commemorate the 1
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Others see a ruthless regime that i
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it remains to be seen whether this
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continues to create the image of a
Page 297 and 298: had been executed by anti-aircraft
Page 299 and 300: • General Ri Yong-gil (60) has be
Page 301 and 302: 2. Party • Kang Sok-ju (76) has b
Page 303 and 304: • Kim Song-nam (62) is an alterna
Page 305 and 306: domestic and social issues .668 He
Page 307 and 308: may occasionally be able to reach o
Page 309 and 310: Committee list.At the Third Session
Page 311 and 312: 1970s, 692 but his career was resur
Page 313 and 314: Vice Chairman of the NDC, O Kuk-ryo
Page 315 and 316: of communication to Kim Jong-un lik
Page 317 and 318: • Ju Kyu-chang (87) has been an a
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Page 321 and 322: as the “Storm Corps.” He first
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Page 325 and 326: senior leadership are evident in hi
Page 327 and 328: on debt settlement issues with Russ
Page 329 and 330: Date Visit Gift (as described in No
Page 331 and 332: Date Visit Gift (as described in No
Page 333 and 334: XIV. APPENDIX C: NORTH KOREAN MILIT
Page 335 and 336: Insignia Title/Name 소좌 (So-jwa)
Page 337 and 338: B. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY NAVAL FOR
Page 339 and 340: Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
Page 341 and 342: C. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY AIR FORCE
Page 343 and 344: Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
Page 345 and 346: XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books and Journ
Page 347: 54. Cathcart, Adam. “Thrice-Curse
Page 351 and 352: 191. Lee, Gyo-Gwan. “Kim Jong-il
Page 353 and 354: 264. “North Korea’s Kim Jong-un
Page 356: Committee for Human Rights in North
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