North Korean House of Cards

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presidents Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter when they visited Pyongyang in 2009 and 2010 to negotiate the release of U.S. citizens. He was one of the officials sitting around the table in the January 25, 2013 photograph of the national security meeting. While he presumably has formal meetings with Kim Jong-un, it is probably not one-on-one, but in concert with Kang Sok-ju. 732 He did not appear on Jon Pyong-ho’s Funeral Committee list. • Kim Chun-sop is a member of the National Defense Commission since 2015. He was first mentioned in the North Korean press in 1999 when Jon Pyong-ho put forth his name as a candidate for deputy to provincial (municipal), city (district), and county people’s assemblies. At the time, Kim was a rolling steel worker at the Songjin Steel Complex. 733 He next appeared on the eve of the Third Party Conference (2010) when he gave a speech proposing the election of leader Kim Jong-il as delegate to the party conference. He was identified as the Secretary of Jagang Provincial Committee. 734 This speech no doubt marked him as a rising figure within the party and tied him to a part of the country linked to the defense industrial complex. He first accompanied Kim Jong-un on a guidance inspection of the Kanggye Precision Machine plant in 2013 in his capacity as Party Secretary of the Jagang Province. He spoke at an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in February 2015 before assuming membership on the National Defense Commission at the SPA meeting in April 2015. 735 Although Kim replaced Pak To-chun on the NDC, it is not clear if he has also assumed his role as Party Secretary for Defense Industry. • Ki Kwang-ho is the Minister of Finance since 2015 and Chairman of the Figure Skating Association. He first appeared in the North Korean media in 2007 as North Korea’s special envoy in the talks on the Banco Delta Asia (BDA) issue with the United States. In 2012, Ki was identified as a Vice Minister of Finance and led negotiations 732 Kenneth E. Gause, “The North Korean Leadership: System Dynamics and Fault Lines,” in North Korean Policy Elites, (Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analysis Paper P-3903, June 2004). Kim Kye-gwan’s relations with the Kim family are somewhat suspect. His wife served as a translator for Kim Song-ae, Kim Il-sung’s second wife, and this allegedly undermined his standing with Kim Jong-il. 733 “Leading Party, State Officials Cast Votes,” KCNA, March 7, 1999. 734 “DPRK Party Organ on Jagang, Yanggang Provincial Meetings for WPK Conference,” KCNA, September 3, 2010. 735 At the time of his appointment to the NDC, Kim Chun-sop ranked 79th in the formal leadership rankings. “North Korean Power Politics: Kim Jong-un’s Machiavellian Musical Chairs,” Nikkei Asian Review, April 13, 2015. Ken E. Gause 317
on debt settlement issues with Russia. At the 3rd Session of the 13th SPA in April 2015, he was appointed Minister of Finance. He has the reputation as a savvy finance expert who gets results. He might also take a major role in helping to restructure the North Korean banking system. According to one Pyongyang-watcher, Ki is “reportedly in favor of greater cooperation with the Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on Money Laundering through the work of the newly established Cabinet-level National Coordinating Committee on the Fight against Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism, which he regards as a sufficient ground for Pyongyang to demand some relief from international financial sanctions.” 736 736 Alexsandre Mansourov, “The Third Session of 13th SPA: Business as Usual,” 38 North, April 15, 2015. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 318
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North Korean House of Cards Leaders
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Copyright © 2015 Committee for Hum
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Jack David Senior Fellow, Hudson In
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3. The Regent Structure............
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d. Ministry of People’s Security.
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II. PREFACE After his seminal 2012
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the reader that many are purged bec
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IV. ABOUT THIS STUDY There are nume
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VI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Merriam-Webst
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ultimate decision maker and sole so
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humanity; in order to understand cr
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32. NIS: South Korean National Inte
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egent structure would begin to chan
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However, there is very little evide
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IX. SECTION ONE: NORTH KOREAN LEADE
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All Party members, military men, an
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Dressed in black, gloveless, and ba
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choreography of the transfer of pow
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suffered a stroke. 18, 19 A month l
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the GPB in the Kim Jong-il era, beg
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2009 from Chief of the GSD to Comma
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posting, Ri had been the Fifth Corp
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Days after Jang Jong-nam was identi
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4. Civil-Military Relations by Mid-
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above, especially the purge of Ri Y
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leaders include Choe Ryong-hae, Kim
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of the military. More than that of
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B. CHAPTER TWO: THE PURGE OF JANG S
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afforded Jang the opportunity to me
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and merged into the RGB as Bureaus
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to as the éminence grise, who was
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a. Kim Jong-il’s Will In 2012, de
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A second rumor suggests that Jang
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KWP OGD, and the SSD, to construct
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ut his pleas went unanswered. At th
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eferred to him as an “unparallele
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out of the picture, 163 the connect
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ankings in October 2013 and then fe
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Jong-il, such as Ri Su-yong (Ri Cho
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ones, lowering the average age of t
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the regime. Throughout 2013, Choe a
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4. Kim Jong-un and the Wider Leader
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Armed Forces, 202 had been executed
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Solso
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Songn
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Table 2: Second Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position(s) Comments Miltary/
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Name Position(s) Comments General K
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Table 3: Third Echelon of Power Nam
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Name Position(s) Comments Ju Kyucha
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Name Position(s) Comments General P
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Name Position(s) Comments Ro Tu-cho
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Table 4: Fourth Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Hong Yongchi
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Name Position Comments Jo Thae-san
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Name Position Comments Government R
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Name Position Comments Kim Choljin
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Name Relation Comments Ri Il-hyok K
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Name Relation Comments Cha Cholma S
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While there is debate within the co
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• The Royal Economy. This chapter
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within the leadership in the mid-19
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ase of power. 261 Decision-making o
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The Tenth SPA convened in Pyongyang
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system of socialism.” 273 For man
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Leader. However, this will not last
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Image 11: Kim Jong-il’s signature
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Image 13: National Security meeting
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Image 15: A March 13, 2013 military
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. Kim Jong-un’s Role as Decision
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The Friday meetings focus on milita
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and its Presidium organize and dire
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KWP Charter, the CMC “discusses a
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worldview. 312 He would hone these
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constraints established by his fath
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Fully assuming the role of Supreme
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As the guidance in Kim Jong-il’s
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1. The Personal Secretariat under K
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of Kim’s death in 2011, it is rum
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Kim Jong-il Secretariat was not an
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and manner of operation, however, a
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a. Personal Secretariat Personnel a
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In 2013, South Korean media reports
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Supreme Command apparatus to the GS
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. Secretarial Office of the Central
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from the field commands, as well as
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administrative. Kim Jong-il, a more
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overseeing the implementation of th
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C. CHAPTER SIX: THE ROYAL ECONOMY
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for Kim Il-sung’s own consolidati
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Following the creation of Office 39
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The Early European Connection In th
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numerous subordinate trade and fore
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According to a former diplomat who
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National Intelligence Service (NIS)
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gifts through their place of employ
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ack to Office 39 and into the Royal
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from Office 38 to Office 99 in 2005
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General Trading Corporation, then a
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Hong Kong, and Singapore. These bus
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Kim Jong-il’s private secretary a
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Jang’s Channel to China The Korea
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Chart 10: Jang’s Channel into the
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the Royal Economy. In the summer of
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projects ends up in the Royal Econo
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leadership dynamics inside North Ko
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• The KWP Administrative Departme
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• Tourism represents a growing so
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Chart 12: Jang’s Tapping into Mil
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In addition to these reforms, Kim J
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Despite the regime’s efforts to s
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Night of the Long Knives. Saddam Hu
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In the months following the Party c
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According to South Korean sources,
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In April 2012, the regime made a nu
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National Security Meeting, January
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focus of the meeting was tied to lo
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of the GC escorted Jang from the ha
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as it related to the KWP Administra
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it became more difficult for trader
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Name Post Relationship to the OGD M
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Star.” 545 His elevation in North
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the command and control structure o
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the connections between the larger
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i. Structure The headquarters of th
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Chart 18: Organizational Chart of t
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Pyongyang Anti-Aircraft Artillery C
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Palace of the Sun, which holds the
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ii. Cordon of Security: Relationshi
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iii. Role in the Regime It is assum
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assume the role of political office
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• The Eighth Bureau (Border Secur
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Chart 21: Organizational Chart of t
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Page 283 and 284: associate, these fortunes began to
Page 285 and 286: offices: the Cadre Department, the
Page 287 and 288: Jo Kyong-chol seated at the far lef
Page 289 and 290: XI. CONCLUSION To commemorate the 1
Page 291 and 292: Others see a ruthless regime that i
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Page 297 and 298: had been executed by anti-aircraft
Page 299 and 300: • General Ri Yong-gil (60) has be
Page 301 and 302: 2. Party • Kang Sok-ju (76) has b
Page 303 and 304: • Kim Song-nam (62) is an alterna
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Page 309 and 310: Committee list.At the Third Session
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Page 313 and 314: Vice Chairman of the NDC, O Kuk-ryo
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Page 317 and 318: • Ju Kyu-chang (87) has been an a
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Page 329 and 330: Date Visit Gift (as described in No
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Page 333 and 334: XIV. APPENDIX C: NORTH KOREAN MILIT
Page 335 and 336: Insignia Title/Name 소좌 (So-jwa)
Page 337 and 338: B. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY NAVAL FOR
Page 339 and 340: Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
Page 341 and 342: C. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY AIR FORCE
Page 343 and 344: Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
Page 345 and 346: XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books and Journ
Page 347 and 348: 54. Cathcart, Adam. “Thrice-Curse
Page 349 and 350: 117. “Is Kim Jong Un Playing Musi
Page 351 and 352: 191. Lee, Gyo-Gwan. “Kim Jong-il
Page 353 and 354: 264. “North Korea’s Kim Jong-un
Page 356: Committee for Human Rights in North
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