North Korean House of Cards

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these elements fails, it will place increasing strain on the others. If any one of these elements becomes corrupt and goes beyond the control of the Leader, it will severely compromise his ability to rule. The book concludes with two informative appendices. Appendix A is comprised of detailed biographies of individuals in Kim Jong-un’s inner circles of power. Best described as key advisors, these leaders often accompany the Supreme Leader. In addition to their formal positions, they most likely enjoy further influence by virtue of their proximity. This influence sometimes manifests when they are ranked above their cohorts on recent funeral committee lists, which Pyongyangwatchers use to identify the formal leadership ranking within the regime Appendix B provides tables on Kim Jong-un’s gift-giving. While Kim is reported to continue to be buying and creating lavish gifts for select elites, Appendix B highlights an overall slowdown in the Royal Economy by showing that Kim’s gift-giving operations are increasingly relying on beneficiary acts and expressions of gratitude to the North Korean leadership and people as opposed to actual gift-giving more prevalent in the past. One example of this is a 2014 scientists’ rest home provided by Kim Jong-un “to the scientists with loving care.” What does this all mean for the North Korean people? What does it say about human rights under this oppressive regime? Leadership dynamics inside North Korea are at the heart of the question of whether the regime can ever change in any meaningful way and respect the rights of its people. It is clear that the answer is currently no. In any country where one individual’s control is dominant and pervasive, the needs of the people are disregarded in the near-term calculus. Kim Jong-un will do what he needs to do to stay in power. He will need to improve the economy if he is to consolidate power, and this will impact the lives of the people. Any such decisions, however, will be made out of necessity for the Supreme Leader’s power, not the livelihood of his people. If economic improvement runs up against the needs of internal security, the arguments of the technocrats will lose. Unquestionably, economic reforms will not be permitted to infringe upon internal security. For now, scholars and intelligence analysts can only observe and attempt to piece together the puzzle all the while sure of only one thing: as long as the regime continues to adhere to the tactics of a police state, to hold onto power, human rights will continue to be violated in North Korea as the unfortunate citizens of the country continue to live in the shadows. As the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on human rights in North Korea determined in February 2014, some of these human rights violations constitute crimes against humanity and are being committed pursuant to policies set at the highest levels of the state. As a result, this book is a profound resource for future accountability of the regime’s crimes against Ken E. Gause 11
humanity; in order to understand crimes against humanity in their totality, the relationship between North Korea’s house of cards and the people on the ground carrying out the crimes needs to be fully understood. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 12
Page 1 and 2: North Korean House of Cards Leaders
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © 2015 Committee for Hum
Page 5 and 6: Jack David Senior Fellow, Hudson In
Page 7 and 8: 3. The Regent Structure............
Page 9 and 10: d. Ministry of People’s Security.
Page 11 and 12: II. PREFACE After his seminal 2012
Page 13 and 14: the reader that many are purged bec
Page 15 and 16: IV. ABOUT THIS STUDY There are nume
Page 17 and 18: VI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Merriam-Webst
Page 19: ultimate decision maker and sole so
Page 23 and 24: 32. NIS: South Korean National Inte
Page 25 and 26: egent structure would begin to chan
Page 27 and 28: However, there is very little evide
Page 29 and 30: IX. SECTION ONE: NORTH KOREAN LEADE
Page 31 and 32: All Party members, military men, an
Page 33 and 34: Dressed in black, gloveless, and ba
Page 35 and 36: choreography of the transfer of pow
Page 37 and 38: suffered a stroke. 18, 19 A month l
Page 39 and 40: the GPB in the Kim Jong-il era, beg
Page 41 and 42: 2009 from Chief of the GSD to Comma
Page 43 and 44: posting, Ri had been the Fifth Corp
Page 45 and 46: Days after Jang Jong-nam was identi
Page 47 and 48: 4. Civil-Military Relations by Mid-
Page 49 and 50: above, especially the purge of Ri Y
Page 51 and 52: leaders include Choe Ryong-hae, Kim
Page 53 and 54: of the military. More than that of
Page 55 and 56: B. CHAPTER TWO: THE PURGE OF JANG S
Page 57 and 58: afforded Jang the opportunity to me
Page 59 and 60: and merged into the RGB as Bureaus
Page 61 and 62: to as the éminence grise, who was
Page 63 and 64: a. Kim Jong-il’s Will In 2012, de
Page 65 and 66: A second rumor suggests that Jang
Page 67 and 68: KWP OGD, and the SSD, to construct
Page 69 and 70: ut his pleas went unanswered. At th
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eferred to him as an “unparallele
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out of the picture, 163 the connect
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ankings in October 2013 and then fe
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Jong-il, such as Ri Su-yong (Ri Cho
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ones, lowering the average age of t
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the regime. Throughout 2013, Choe a
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4. Kim Jong-un and the Wider Leader
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Armed Forces, 202 had been executed
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Solso
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Name Position(s) Comments Kim Songn
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Table 2: Second Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position(s) Comments Miltary/
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Name Position(s) Comments General K
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Table 3: Third Echelon of Power Nam
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Name Position(s) Comments Ju Kyucha
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Name Position(s) Comments General P
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Name Position(s) Comments Colonel G
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Name Position(s) Comments Ro Tu-cho
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Table 4: Fourth Echelon of Power Na
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Lieutenant G
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Name Position Comments Hong Yongchi
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Name Position Comments Jo Thae-san
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Name Position Comments Government R
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Name Position Comments Kim Choljin
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Name Relation Comments Ri Il-hyok K
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Name Relation Comments Cha Cholma S
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While there is debate within the co
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• The Royal Economy. This chapter
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within the leadership in the mid-19
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ase of power. 261 Decision-making o
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The Tenth SPA convened in Pyongyang
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system of socialism.” 273 For man
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Leader. However, this will not last
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Image 11: Kim Jong-il’s signature
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Image 13: National Security meeting
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Image 15: A March 13, 2013 military
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. Kim Jong-un’s Role as Decision
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The Friday meetings focus on milita
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and its Presidium organize and dire
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KWP Charter, the CMC “discusses a
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worldview. 312 He would hone these
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constraints established by his fath
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Fully assuming the role of Supreme
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As the guidance in Kim Jong-il’s
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1. The Personal Secretariat under K
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of Kim’s death in 2011, it is rum
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Kim Jong-il Secretariat was not an
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and manner of operation, however, a
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a. Personal Secretariat Personnel a
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In 2013, South Korean media reports
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Supreme Command apparatus to the GS
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. Secretarial Office of the Central
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from the field commands, as well as
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administrative. Kim Jong-il, a more
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overseeing the implementation of th
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C. CHAPTER SIX: THE ROYAL ECONOMY
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for Kim Il-sung’s own consolidati
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Following the creation of Office 39
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The Early European Connection In th
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numerous subordinate trade and fore
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According to a former diplomat who
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National Intelligence Service (NIS)
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gifts through their place of employ
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ack to Office 39 and into the Royal
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from Office 38 to Office 99 in 2005
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General Trading Corporation, then a
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Hong Kong, and Singapore. These bus
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Kim Jong-il’s private secretary a
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Jang’s Channel to China The Korea
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Chart 10: Jang’s Channel into the
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the Royal Economy. In the summer of
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projects ends up in the Royal Econo
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leadership dynamics inside North Ko
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• The KWP Administrative Departme
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• Tourism represents a growing so
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Chart 12: Jang’s Tapping into Mil
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In addition to these reforms, Kim J
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Despite the regime’s efforts to s
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Night of the Long Knives. Saddam Hu
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In the months following the Party c
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According to South Korean sources,
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In April 2012, the regime made a nu
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National Security Meeting, January
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focus of the meeting was tied to lo
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of the GC escorted Jang from the ha
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as it related to the KWP Administra
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it became more difficult for trader
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Name Post Relationship to the OGD M
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Star.” 545 His elevation in North
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the command and control structure o
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the connections between the larger
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i. Structure The headquarters of th
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Chart 18: Organizational Chart of t
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Pyongyang Anti-Aircraft Artillery C
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Palace of the Sun, which holds the
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ii. Cordon of Security: Relationshi
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iii. Role in the Regime It is assum
Page 269 and 270:
assume the role of political office
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• The Eighth Bureau (Border Secur
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
d. Ministry of People’s Security
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chain of command and is responsible
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olstering internal security. Provin
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Page 283 and 284:
associate, these fortunes began to
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offices: the Cadre Department, the
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Jo Kyong-chol seated at the far lef
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XI. CONCLUSION To commemorate the 1
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Others see a ruthless regime that i
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it remains to be seen whether this
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continues to create the image of a
Page 297 and 298:
had been executed by anti-aircraft
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• General Ri Yong-gil (60) has be
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2. Party • Kang Sok-ju (76) has b
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• Kim Song-nam (62) is an alterna
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domestic and social issues .668 He
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may occasionally be able to reach o
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Committee list.At the Third Session
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1970s, 692 but his career was resur
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Vice Chairman of the NDC, O Kuk-ryo
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of communication to Kim Jong-un lik
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• Ju Kyu-chang (87) has been an a
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General Pak as his successor withou
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as the “Storm Corps.” He first
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present for Kim Jong-un’s guidanc
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senior leadership are evident in hi
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on debt settlement issues with Russ
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Date Visit Gift (as described in No
Page 331 and 332:
Date Visit Gift (as described in No
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XIV. APPENDIX C: NORTH KOREAN MILIT
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Insignia Title/Name 소좌 (So-jwa)
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B. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY NAVAL FOR
Page 339 and 340:
Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
Page 341 and 342:
C. KOREAN PEOPLE’S ARMY AIR FORCE
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Insignia Title/Name 상위 (Sang-wi
Page 345 and 346:
XV. BIBLIOGRAPHY A. Books and Journ
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54. Cathcart, Adam. “Thrice-Curse
Page 349 and 350:
117. “Is Kim Jong Un Playing Musi
Page 351 and 352:
191. Lee, Gyo-Gwan. “Kim Jong-il
Page 353 and 354:
264. “North Korea’s Kim Jong-un
Page 356:
Committee for Human Rights in North
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North Korean House of Cards

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