MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN

Rapport de l’Atelier sur le tourisme et le développement durable en Méditerranée
Antaly (Turquie), 17, 18 & 19 septembre 1998
sound environmental policies. The combat against and particularly for prevention
of environmental pollution, the better management of natural resources and
preservation of natural heritage were the main themes of this declaration.
In fact, Turkey has not yet reached the saturation point, which is evident in some
parts of other Mediterranean countries. According to the investigations along the
coastline, it was observed that only 14% of land are used for tourism purposes and
the remaining for residential and summerhouse areas (Table 1).
According to the results of these investigations and surveys, the municipalities are
characterised as 4 groups:
I. Cities where agricultural and fishing activities are dominating,
II. Small cities which are recently discovered and entered into the transition
period,
III. Cities where tourism activities are dominating,
IV. Cities where summerhouses are dense.
In some areas, deficiencies in infrastructure systems and mushroom-like
development of constructions created some important problems and thus, affected
tourism. Some of the main problems, occurred in the coastline due to fast
development, could be summarised as follows:
• There is a disturbance to the ecological balance by overpumping groundwater
sources, discharging large volumes of untreated wastewater to the closed bays
etc.
• Fast development of superstructures without sufficient infrastructures, like
roads, ports, airports, telecom, electricity, water supply, sewerage etc. result
infrastructural deficiencies.
• There are air, marine, land and noise pollution due to increased traffic.
In order to minimise the negative effects on tourism, Ministry of Tourism put into
force some regulations and initiated new projects. Therefore, a macro project,
Southwest Coast Environmental Project was introduced by the Ministry of
Tourism, with the aim of environmental protection along approximately 2000 kin
coastline of Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, by contributions of World Bank with
a grant of 607,5 million Japanese Yen. The main objectives of the project cover a
wide range of subjects such as planing, designing and construction of water supply
and sewerage systems, wastewater treatment and disposal facilities, solid waste
disposal facilities, pollution control studies, institutional, financial and
administrative set-up studies. Studies have been started in 1989 and master plan
and pre-feasibility reports were completed in 1992 for more than 100
municipalities considered in 25 clusters (of which 10 clusters are defined as High
Priorities). The estimated total investment cost of the environmental infrastructure
systems is USD 2,5 billion.
Starting from 1994, detailed feasibility studies including technical, environmental,
social, legal, institutional, financial, political feasibility for the realisation of
environmental infrastructure services were carried out. Especially, institutional
and financial structures were assessed in detail. These detailed feasibility studies
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Plan Bleu