Climate Change and the European Water Dimension - Agri ...

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• Measures are required to improve the quality, spatial coverage and accessibility of meteorological, hydrological, water use, social and economic data, including the use of remote sensing methods. V.B.9. Conclusion This chapter has sought to raise the profile of droughts as a major and immediate natural disaster threatening Europe. It has examined the range and scale of impacts experienced during the 2003 drought, summarized the latest information on how climate change is likely to affect drought severity, and considered how Europe should prepare for these changes. The deficiencies of current European policies in respect to droughts have been highlighted, and a call is made for better policy integration around a specific framework for European drought mitigation. This drought framework should be founded upon a risk management approach, embedded within comprehensive Integrated Water Resource Management. It recommends that such a framework should emphasize demand management, by informing and involving European citizens. The chapter highlights several areas where Europe is lagging behind other industrialized nations in drought forecasting, monitoring and mitigation and points to ways forward. It concludes by mapping out the areas where improvements to drought mitigation are needed in order to better mitigate future European droughts. Recent research projects related to European droughts ARIDE Assessment of the Regional Impact of Droughts in Europe http://www.hydrology.uni-freiburg.de/forsch/aride/navigation/about/about.htm ASTHyDA Analysis, Synthesis and Transfer of Knowledge and Tools on Hydrological Droughts Assessment through a European Network http://www.geofysikk.uio.no/drought/ AVEC Integrated Assessment of Vulnerable Ecosystems under Global Change A workshop on Vulnerability of European ecosystems facing an increased drought risk Held in Samos, Greece, 10 - 12 April 2003 http://www.pik-potsdam.de/avec/avec_droughts.html CLIMAGRImed Mediterranean Component of the FAO CLIMAGRI project http://www.fao.org/sd/climagrimed/c_4_01.html FRIEND Flow Regimes from International Experimental Network Data A contribution to the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (IHP) http://www.nwl.ac.uk/ih/www/research/bfriend.html MICE Modelling the Impacts of Climate Extremes http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/projects/mice/ MITCH Mitigation of Climate Induced Natural Hazards http://www.mitch-ec.net/default.htm WAM-ME Water resources management under drought conditions: criteria and tools for conjunctive use of conventional and marginal waters in Mediterranean regions. http://www.dica.unict.it/users/fvaglias/Wam-meWeb/index.htm 134
DSS-DROUGHT A Decision Support System for Mitigation of Drought Impacts in Mediterranean Region – particularly in relation to management of irrigation systems. http://www.medaqua.org/forum/DSS-DROUGHT.html MEDROPLAN Mediterranean Drought Preparedness and Mitigation Planning http://www.iamz.ciheam.org Other Useful References / Links to droughts Australia's National Drought Policy. Dept of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. http://www.affa.gov.au/content/output.cfm?&OBJECTID=D2C48F86-BA1A-11A1- A2200060B0A06258 COPA-COGECA (2003). Assessment of the impact of the heat wave and drought of the summer 2003 on agriculture and forestry. Committee of Agricultural Organisations in the European Union / General Confederation of Agricultural Co-operatives in the European Union. Fact Sheet. 14p. http://www.copa-cogeca.be/pdf/pocc_03_78i4_1e.pdf EurAqua (1996). A review of European flood and drought mitigation measures. 6 th EurAqua Science and Technological Review, Rome October 1996. European Environment Agency (2004). Mapping the impacts of recent natural disasters and technological accidents in Europe. Environmental issue report No.35. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen. http://reports.eea.eu.int/environmental_issue_report_2004_35/en Glinni, A.F., Sivakumar, M.V.K., and Wilhite, D.A. (2001). Drought management and preparedness – WMO perspective. Paper presented at the MITCH (Mitigation of Climate Induced Natural Hazards) Workshop, 12-13 December 2001. WL Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands. 15p. http://www.mitch-ec.net/papers/glinni.pdf Lehner, B and Dill, P. (2001). Eurowasser: Europe’s droughts today and in the future. Chpt 7 p7-1 to 7-16, in : EuroWasser - Model-based assessment of European water resources and hydrology in the face of global change. Kassel World Water Series 5. http://www.usf.uni-kassel.de/usf/archiv/dokumente/kwws/kwws.5.en.htm Rossi, G., Cancelliere, A., Pereira, L., and Oweis, T. (eds) (2003). Tools for Drought Mitigation in Mediterranean Region, Kluwer. SEDEMED Hydrometeorological monitoring systems and drought bulletins for use by environmental public institutions, administrations and universities www.uirsicilia.it/progetti/sedemed/intro_sedemed.html UNEP, 2003. Impacts of summer 2003 heat wave in Europe. DEWA/Europe/GRID- Geneva. http://www.grid.unep.ch/activities/earlywarning/preview/appl/climatic/images/heatwave_en.pdf USA National Drought Monitoring Centre. http://drought.unl.edu/dm/ USA National Drought Mitigation Centre. http://drought.unl.edu/ 135
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Climate Change and the European Wat
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European Commission- Joint Research
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At the 2003 Rome Informal Meeting o
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Changes in the diurnal variation of
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Fugure I.2. (a) Maximum grid covera
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century. This corresponds to a sea
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Other causes Other causes of climat
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tropospheric ozone are photochemica
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Figure. I.4. Radiative forcings and
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There are two indirect effects of a
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The projected warming is not unifor
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water towards the west Pacific caus
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Aerosols and climate change in the
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precipitation intensities have been
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Chapter III. The Hydrologic Cycle I
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Figure III.2. Long-term average ann
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Figure III.4. Projected change in s
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eduction in the rate of evaporation
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characteristics may or may not be u
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temperatures potentially lead to hi
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Chapter IV.A. Proxy indicators of C
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Mean Air Temperature (Dec.-March) [
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correlation coefficient -0.4 -0.3 -
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Chapter IV. B. The Impact of Climat
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numbers refer to water bodies bigge
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Table IV.B.2. Number of large dams*
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quality degradation and meet the in
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sufficient resolution and accuracy
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Windermere in the English Lake Dist
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their vertical structure. In partic
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have recently described a method th
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The available evidence suggests tha
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1979). In contrast, heavy rain incr
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The projected increase in the atmos
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Aulacoseira spp. favour the changed
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vertical bars are a simple measure
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values, with an upper limit of 30°
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Page 83 and 84: the processes controlling, regional
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the main carrier of nutrients to gr
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system pathway shows an increase of
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Table-VI.C.7: Main factors and cons
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Chapter VI.D. Climate Change and th
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Atmospheric deposition to marine wa
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Many studies during the 90’s have
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severe flooding were investigated (
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Table VI.E.1. Waterborne pathogens
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Chapter VI.F. Climate Change, Extre
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Areas behind the dikes broken in 20
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Second, the chemical is transported
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POPs exist in the atmosphere in the
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and ice have quite a low capacity t
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Table VI.F.1. Priority substances i
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22. Monteith, J.L., 1965. Evaporati
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31. Rodionov, S.N. 1994. Global and
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28. Dokulil, M.T., 2003. Algae as e
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63. Hejzlar, J., Dubrovský, M. Buc
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99. Melack, J.M., J. Dozier, C.R. G
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136. Straile, D. & Adrian, R. 2000.
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14. Blaas, M., Kerkhoven, D., and d
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60. McCleery, R. H. and Perrins, C.
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105. UNESCO 2003. The integrated st
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ecosystems and the landscape and de
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2. Carter, T.R., Saarikko, R.A., an
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24. Hydrographisches Zentralbüro 1
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European Coastal Lagoons: The Influ
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4. Bouma MJ, Sondrop HE, van der Ka
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variable trophic status: a paired l
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France GIANMARCO GIORDANI Departmen
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Chapter VI.E. Climate Change and Wa
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