Climate Change and the European Water Dimension - Agri ...

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Chapter VI.A. Case study: Lake Mondsee, Austria Latitude 47º50’N Longitude 13º23’E Altitude 481 m Area 14 km 2 Mean depth 36 m Maximum depth 68 m TP 11 μg L -1 TN 0.8 mg L -1 Retention time 1.7 year Ice cover usually missing Stratification Apr.-Oct. Fig. VI.A.1 General view, location and general characteristics of Lake Mondsee ► Deep oligo-mesotrophic lake expressing climate-related changes in the thermal regime typical to alpine and prealpine lakes. 152
Lake Surface Temperature [°C] Description VI.A.1. Limnology of Lake Mondsee The alpine lake Mondsee is situated in the Austrian lake region ‘Salzkammergut’ 25 km east of the city of Salzburg, embedded between high limestone mountains and softer Flysch formations at the edge of the alpine ridge. The watershed consists mainly of alpine meadows, forest or grassland with little agriculture, industry, and urbanisation. In the rare cases of complete ice-cover the lake is dimictic having full mixing in spring and fall (Dokulil, 2004); however, in most years, mixing occurs throughout the winter as typical to warm monomictic lakes. Thermal stratification usually lasts from end of April to mid-October. Summer lake surface temperatures are commonly well above 20°C resulting in considerable recreational pressure during touristic season. Data availability and investigations Regular surface lake temperatures are available from the hydrological lake level station as far back as 1909 (Hydrographisches Zentralbüro, 1964). The lake chemistry and biota have been irregularly monitored since the mid-1950s (Findenegg, 1959, 1965, 1969, 1973; Danecker, 1969). More regular measurements with monthly intervals started in 1968 (Schwarz and Jagsch, 1998). Intensive sampling began in with weekly intervals between 1982 and 1984, and biweekly intervals since then (Dokulil, 1993; Dokulil and Skolaut, 1991; Dokulil and Teubner, 2001). Climate impacts on Mondsee have previously been analysed and published by Dokulil (2000), Livingstone and Dokulil (2001) and Dokulil and Teubner (2002). 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Avg 1982-1996 2000 2001 2002 2003 IPCC 1961-1990 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Figure VI.A.2. Lake Surface Temperature by Season and time. Observed changes 153
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Climate Change and the European Wat
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European Commission- Joint Research
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At the 2003 Rome Informal Meeting o
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Changes in the diurnal variation of
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Fugure I.2. (a) Maximum grid covera
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century. This corresponds to a sea
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Other causes Other causes of climat
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tropospheric ozone are photochemica
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Figure. I.4. Radiative forcings and
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There are two indirect effects of a
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The projected warming is not unifor
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water towards the west Pacific caus
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Aerosols and climate change in the
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precipitation intensities have been
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Chapter III. The Hydrologic Cycle I
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Figure III.2. Long-term average ann
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Figure III.4. Projected change in s
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eduction in the rate of evaporation
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characteristics may or may not be u
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temperatures potentially lead to hi
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Chapter IV.A. Proxy indicators of C
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Mean Air Temperature (Dec.-March) [
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correlation coefficient -0.4 -0.3 -
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Chapter IV. B. The Impact of Climat
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numbers refer to water bodies bigge
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Table IV.B.2. Number of large dams*
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quality degradation and meet the in
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sufficient resolution and accuracy
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Windermere in the English Lake Dist
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their vertical structure. In partic
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have recently described a method th
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The available evidence suggests tha
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1979). In contrast, heavy rain incr
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The projected increase in the atmos
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Aulacoseira spp. favour the changed
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vertical bars are a simple measure
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values, with an upper limit of 30°
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the processes controlling, regional
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Sea level rise is partially due to
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Box # 1: The North Sea The North Se
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and organic material more rapidly t
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suggesting that climate rather than
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CO2 2- ). In turn, the alkalinity i
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looms are often associated with tox
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events of dense water through the D
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(1) Are we already observing a resp
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Page 127 and 128: V.B.5. Climate change and droughts
Page 129 and 130: Evacuation from forest fires at Mas
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Page 139 and 140: The quality class boundaries within
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Page 149 and 150: Table V.D.2: Percentage area affect
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Page 159 and 160: Case Study: Lake Erken, Sweden ►
Page 161 and 162: TP (µg l -1 ) Modelling To analyse
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Chapter VI.F. Climate Change, Extre
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Areas behind the dikes broken in 20
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Second, the chemical is transported
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POPs exist in the atmosphere in the
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and ice have quite a low capacity t
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Table VI.F.1. Priority substances i
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22. Monteith, J.L., 1965. Evaporati
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31. Rodionov, S.N. 1994. Global and
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28. Dokulil, M.T., 2003. Algae as e
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63. Hejzlar, J., Dubrovský, M. Buc
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99. Melack, J.M., J. Dozier, C.R. G
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136. Straile, D. & Adrian, R. 2000.
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14. Blaas, M., Kerkhoven, D., and d
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60. McCleery, R. H. and Perrins, C.
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105. UNESCO 2003. The integrated st
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ecosystems and the landscape and de
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2. Carter, T.R., Saarikko, R.A., an
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24. Hydrographisches Zentralbüro 1
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European Coastal Lagoons: The Influ
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4. Bouma MJ, Sondrop HE, van der Ka
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variable trophic status: a paired l
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France GIANMARCO GIORDANI Departmen
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Chapter VI.E. Climate Change and Wa
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