Climate Change and the European Water Dimension - Agri ...

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35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 1885 1905 1925 1945 1965 1985 2005 Figure VI.B.1: Yearly sea level in Venice (wiggling). Thin, smooth line refers to Trieste (drawn twice), 19-year moving average. The other smooth line gives the same average for Venice. Meteorological and oceanographic data Flooding frequency in Venice is not just related to rising relative sea level (due to subsidence and eustacy), but also to meteorological features. The main components of flood tides are winds (bora and sirocco, especially) and atmospheric pressure. The astronomic tide component is marginal. The lagoon of Venice, besides the presence of a long time-series of meteorological data, is well equipped to study micro-climatic variation, as it has more than 80 measuring stations, most of them connected for real-time data collection .The Oceanographic Platform "Acqua Alta" situated 12 nautical miles off the coast of Venice in the Northern Adriatic Sea is a valuable component of the network and is operated by the ISMAR-CNR (Institute for Marine Science of the Italian National Research Council) and is the home of the JRC’s COAST project. For example, Figure VI.B.2 shows the declining trend of bora wind at Tessera in the last decades (Pirazzoli abd Tomasin, 1999), whereas in Figure VI.B.3 the opposite trend may be observed for atmospheric pressure (Cocheo and Amuffo, 2002), which exerts the well-known “inverted barometer effect” on the sea. 170
Figure VI.B.2: Frequency of “bora” wind at Tessera airport. 1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1760 1800 1840 1880 1920 1960 2000 Figure VI.B.3: Lower: mean yearly pressure in Padua (hPa). Upper: ten-year average (increased by 3 units). 171
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Climate Change and the European Wat
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European Commission- Joint Research
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At the 2003 Rome Informal Meeting o
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Changes in the diurnal variation of
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Fugure I.2. (a) Maximum grid covera
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century. This corresponds to a sea
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Other causes Other causes of climat
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tropospheric ozone are photochemica
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Figure. I.4. Radiative forcings and
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There are two indirect effects of a
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The projected warming is not unifor
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water towards the west Pacific caus
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Aerosols and climate change in the
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precipitation intensities have been
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Chapter III. The Hydrologic Cycle I
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Figure III.2. Long-term average ann
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Figure III.4. Projected change in s
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eduction in the rate of evaporation
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characteristics may or may not be u
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temperatures potentially lead to hi
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Chapter IV.A. Proxy indicators of C
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Mean Air Temperature (Dec.-March) [
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correlation coefficient -0.4 -0.3 -
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Chapter IV. B. The Impact of Climat
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numbers refer to water bodies bigge
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Table IV.B.2. Number of large dams*
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quality degradation and meet the in
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sufficient resolution and accuracy
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Windermere in the English Lake Dist
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their vertical structure. In partic
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have recently described a method th
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The available evidence suggests tha
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1979). In contrast, heavy rain incr
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The projected increase in the atmos
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Aulacoseira spp. favour the changed
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vertical bars are a simple measure
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values, with an upper limit of 30°
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the processes controlling, regional
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Sea level rise is partially due to
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Box # 1: The North Sea The North Se
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and organic material more rapidly t
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suggesting that climate rather than
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CO2 2- ). In turn, the alkalinity i
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looms are often associated with tox
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events of dense water through the D
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(1) Are we already observing a resp
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eastern and western side of the Nor
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system, their physiology and intern
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each coastal element be studied and
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IV.D.1. Introduction Coastal lagoon
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In the last decade, a general model
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topics in coastal lagoons (de Wit e
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Po River Delta lagoons, the long dr
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esilient to environmental changes a
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Chapter V.A. Climate Change and Ext
Page 119 and 120: It is realized that adaptation to c
Page 121 and 122: Climate Change and the European Wat
Page 123 and 124: member states. Moreover some agenci
Page 125 and 126: Large, global scale climatic driver
Page 127 and 128: V.B.5. Climate change and droughts
Page 129 and 130: Evacuation from forest fires at Mas
Page 131 and 132: In European forest policy, water is
Page 133 and 134: Drought mitigation and the involvem
Page 135 and 136: DSS-DROUGHT A Decision Support Syst
Page 137 and 138: Chapter V .C. Climate Change, Ecolo
Page 139 and 140: The quality class boundaries within
Page 141 and 142: An example of this kind of relation
Page 145 and 146: Regions 1 to 5 represent mainly a m
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Page 149 and 150: Table V.D.2: Percentage area affect
Page 153 and 154: Lake Surface Temperature [°C] Desc
Page 155 and 156: Case Study: Esthwaite Water, Cumbri
Page 157 and 158: Residence time (days) Chlorophyll (
Page 159 and 160: Case Study: Lake Erken, Sweden ►
Page 161 and 162: TP (µg l -1 ) Modelling To analyse
Page 163 and 164: Data availability and investigation
Page 165 and 166: smaller volume of water. The warmer
Page 167 and 168: Chapter VI.B. Climate Change and th
Page 169: Concerning the flora of the lagoon
Page 175 and 176: Figure VI.C.2. Daily flows in Ebro
Page 177 and 178: Figure VI.C.4. Mean temperature inc
Page 179 and 180: factors including an appropriate su
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Page 183 and 184: Chapter VI.C. The Effects of Climat
Page 185 and 186: the main carrier of nutrients to gr
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Page 189 and 190: Table-VI.C.7: Main factors and cons
Page 191 and 192: Chapter VI.D. Climate Change and th
Page 193 and 194: Atmospheric deposition to marine wa
Page 195 and 196: Many studies during the 90’s have
Page 199 and 200: severe flooding were investigated (
Page 201 and 202: Table VI.E.1. Waterborne pathogens
Page 203 and 204: Chapter VI.F. Climate Change, Extre
Page 205 and 206: Areas behind the dikes broken in 20
Page 209 and 210: Second, the chemical is transported
Page 211 and 212: POPs exist in the atmosphere in the
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Page 215 and 216: Table VI.F.1. Priority substances i
Page 219 and 220: 22. Monteith, J.L., 1965. Evaporati
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31. Rodionov, S.N. 1994. Global and
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28. Dokulil, M.T., 2003. Algae as e
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63. Hejzlar, J., Dubrovský, M. Buc
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99. Melack, J.M., J. Dozier, C.R. G
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136. Straile, D. & Adrian, R. 2000.
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14. Blaas, M., Kerkhoven, D., and d
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60. McCleery, R. H. and Perrins, C.
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105. UNESCO 2003. The integrated st
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ecosystems and the landscape and de
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2. Carter, T.R., Saarikko, R.A., an
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24. Hydrographisches Zentralbüro 1
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European Coastal Lagoons: The Influ
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4. Bouma MJ, Sondrop HE, van der Ka
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variable trophic status: a paired l
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France GIANMARCO GIORDANI Departmen
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Chapter VI.E. Climate Change and Wa
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