Climate Change and the European Water Dimension - Agri ...

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more than 50 % of the samples showed no effect from the treatment with Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Gentamycin. Interestingly, the isolates from the river water itself revealed a much lower resistance. This indicates that the river was not the source of contamination. Obviously the pathogens were initially released from terrestrial sources such as sewage treatment plants or farms and entered the river subsequently. VI.F.3 Conclusion Concerning chemical pollution, the 2002 flooding event did not result in a large-scale contamination of the areas affected by the floodwaters. The relatively high contamination levels found in the floodplains represent the historic dimension of repeated flood events in industrial regions. However, flooding in other European river basins may yield a different result. In contrast to chemical pollution, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in flooded urban areas revealed a significant effect attributable to the flood event. In addition, resistance of many of these pathogens against antibiotics was observed, which potentially multiplies the related human health risk. The observed resistance is most probably due to the adaptation of pathogens present in wastewater treatment plants and agricultural applications where various anti-microbial pharmaceuticals are present. 206
Climate Change and the European Water Dimension Chapter VI.F.2 Climate Change and Global Persistent Organic Chemicals Key Points • The atmosphere is the ‘conduit’ through which POPs can move from atmospheric emission sources via deposition to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, several processes accelerated by climate warmng. • A net transfer of POPs from warm source/usage areas to colder remote regions (i.e. a global re-distribution) is documented. Repeated temperature-controlled air-surface exchange provides the key mechanism for this so-called ‘cold condensation’ process. Furthermore, ‘global fractionation’ may occur, whereby different POPs travel different distances from a common source area. • Temperature is an important driver to the global cycling of POPs through its influence on emissions from primary and secondary sources, gas-particle distributions, reaction rates, air-surface exchange (inland and marine waters, vegetation, soils, snow/ice) and global transport. • ‘Inter-annual variations of POP air concentrations from the Great Lakes region and the Arctic have been strongly associated with atmospheric low-frequency fluctuations, notably the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the El-Nino- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern. This suggests interactions between climate variation and the global distribution of POPs….” Ma et al., 2004. 207
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Climate Change and the European Wat
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European Commission- Joint Research
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At the 2003 Rome Informal Meeting o
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Changes in the diurnal variation of
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Fugure I.2. (a) Maximum grid covera
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century. This corresponds to a sea
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Other causes Other causes of climat
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tropospheric ozone are photochemica
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Figure. I.4. Radiative forcings and
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There are two indirect effects of a
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The projected warming is not unifor
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water towards the west Pacific caus
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Aerosols and climate change in the
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precipitation intensities have been
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Chapter III. The Hydrologic Cycle I
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Figure III.2. Long-term average ann
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Figure III.4. Projected change in s
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eduction in the rate of evaporation
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characteristics may or may not be u
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temperatures potentially lead to hi
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Chapter IV.A. Proxy indicators of C
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Mean Air Temperature (Dec.-March) [
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correlation coefficient -0.4 -0.3 -
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Chapter IV. B. The Impact of Climat
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numbers refer to water bodies bigge
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Table IV.B.2. Number of large dams*
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quality degradation and meet the in
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sufficient resolution and accuracy
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Windermere in the English Lake Dist
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their vertical structure. In partic
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have recently described a method th
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The available evidence suggests tha
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1979). In contrast, heavy rain incr
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The projected increase in the atmos
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Aulacoseira spp. favour the changed
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vertical bars are a simple measure
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values, with an upper limit of 30°
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the processes controlling, regional
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Sea level rise is partially due to
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Box # 1: The North Sea The North Se
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and organic material more rapidly t
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suggesting that climate rather than
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CO2 2- ). In turn, the alkalinity i
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looms are often associated with tox
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events of dense water through the D
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(1) Are we already observing a resp
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eastern and western side of the Nor
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system, their physiology and intern
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each coastal element be studied and
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IV.D.1. Introduction Coastal lagoon
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In the last decade, a general model
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topics in coastal lagoons (de Wit e
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Po River Delta lagoons, the long dr
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esilient to environmental changes a
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Chapter V.A. Climate Change and Ext
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It is realized that adaptation to c
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member states. Moreover some agenci
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Large, global scale climatic driver
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V.B.5. Climate change and droughts
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Evacuation from forest fires at Mas
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In European forest policy, water is
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Drought mitigation and the involvem
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DSS-DROUGHT A Decision Support Syst
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Chapter V .C. Climate Change, Ecolo
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The quality class boundaries within
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An example of this kind of relation
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Regions 1 to 5 represent mainly a m
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een observed in southwestern countr
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Table V.D.2: Percentage area affect
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Lake Surface Temperature [°C] Desc
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