Climate Change and the European Water Dimension - Agri ...

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The chlorophyll concentrations measured in the lake are substantially lower if the winter is wet i.e. a greater proportion of the slow growing winter crop of phytoplankton is flushed out of the lakes (Figure VI.A.5). These losses are likely to increase in the coming decades and could have a major effect on the subsequent growth of the spring phytoplankton. Analyses have shown that cold winters favour the survival and growth of the cladoceran herbivore Daphnia hyaline var lacustris. Daphnia is a filter feeder that requires a relatively high food concentration whilst the calanoid Eudiaptomus can survive in much less productive environments. When the winter is cold, appreciable numbers of Daphnia survive in the open water even when their supply of food from the phytoplankton is very low. When the winter is mild, however, the Daphnia cannot ingest enough food to survive and the Eudiaptomus then dominate the micro-crustacean community (see more details in George & Hewitt, 1999). Here, the important point is that relatively small changes in the winter water temperature can have a significant effect on the long-term dynamics of a key planktonic species. VI.A.2. Conclusions The historical variations in the winter characteristics of Esthwaite Water show that this lake is very sensitive to year-to-year variations in the weather. These weatherrelated variations influence the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the lake. In some cases, the changes are modulated by a single climatic variable while in others the lake responds to the combined effects of the prevailing wind, sun and rain. 158
Case Study: Lake Erken, Sweden ► Mesotrophic lake with a rather long residence time in which temperature-related and internal processes such as longer ice-free period and enhanced bacterial mineralisation, increase nutrient availability and phytoplankton productivity in mild years. 159 Latitude 59º25’N Longitude 18º15’E Altitude 11 m Area 24 km 2 Mean depth 9 m Maximum depth 21 m TP (avg. 1994-98) 27 μg L -1 TN (avg. 1994-98) 657 mg L -1 Retention time 7.4 y Ice cover Dec. – Apr. Stratification end May-end Aug. Figure VI.A.6 General view, location and general characteristics of Lake Erken
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Climate Change and the European Wat
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European Commission- Joint Research
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At the 2003 Rome Informal Meeting o
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Changes in the diurnal variation of
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Fugure I.2. (a) Maximum grid covera
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century. This corresponds to a sea
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Other causes Other causes of climat
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tropospheric ozone are photochemica
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Figure. I.4. Radiative forcings and
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There are two indirect effects of a
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The projected warming is not unifor
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water towards the west Pacific caus
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Aerosols and climate change in the
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precipitation intensities have been
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Chapter III. The Hydrologic Cycle I
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Figure III.2. Long-term average ann
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Figure III.4. Projected change in s
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eduction in the rate of evaporation
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characteristics may or may not be u
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temperatures potentially lead to hi
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Chapter IV.A. Proxy indicators of C
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Mean Air Temperature (Dec.-March) [
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correlation coefficient -0.4 -0.3 -
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Chapter IV. B. The Impact of Climat
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numbers refer to water bodies bigge
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Table IV.B.2. Number of large dams*
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quality degradation and meet the in
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sufficient resolution and accuracy
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Windermere in the English Lake Dist
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their vertical structure. In partic
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have recently described a method th
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The available evidence suggests tha
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1979). In contrast, heavy rain incr
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The projected increase in the atmos
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Aulacoseira spp. favour the changed
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vertical bars are a simple measure
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values, with an upper limit of 30°
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the processes controlling, regional
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Sea level rise is partially due to
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Box # 1: The North Sea The North Se
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and organic material more rapidly t
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suggesting that climate rather than
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CO2 2- ). In turn, the alkalinity i
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looms are often associated with tox
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events of dense water through the D
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(1) Are we already observing a resp
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eastern and western side of the Nor
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system, their physiology and intern
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each coastal element be studied and
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Page 123 and 124: member states. Moreover some agenci
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Page 127 and 128: V.B.5. Climate change and droughts
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Page 139 and 140: The quality class boundaries within
Page 141 and 142: An example of this kind of relation
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Page 149 and 150: Table V.D.2: Percentage area affect
Page 153 and 154: Lake Surface Temperature [°C] Desc
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Page 161 and 162: TP (µg l -1 ) Modelling To analyse
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Page 201 and 202: Table VI.E.1. Waterborne pathogens
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Second, the chemical is transported
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POPs exist in the atmosphere in the
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and ice have quite a low capacity t
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Table VI.F.1. Priority substances i
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22. Monteith, J.L., 1965. Evaporati
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31. Rodionov, S.N. 1994. Global and
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28. Dokulil, M.T., 2003. Algae as e
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63. Hejzlar, J., Dubrovský, M. Buc
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99. Melack, J.M., J. Dozier, C.R. G
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136. Straile, D. & Adrian, R. 2000.
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14. Blaas, M., Kerkhoven, D., and d
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60. McCleery, R. H. and Perrins, C.
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105. UNESCO 2003. The integrated st
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ecosystems and the landscape and de
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2. Carter, T.R., Saarikko, R.A., an
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24. Hydrographisches Zentralbüro 1
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European Coastal Lagoons: The Influ
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4. Bouma MJ, Sondrop HE, van der Ka
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variable trophic status: a paired l
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France GIANMARCO GIORDANI Departmen
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Chapter VI.E. Climate Change and Wa
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