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44. George, D.G. & Harris, G.P., 1985. The effect of climate on long-term changes in the crustacean zooplankton biomass of Lake Windermere, UK, Nature 316: 536-539. 45. George, D.G. & Reynolds, C.S., 1997. Zooplankton-phytoplankton interactions: the case for refining methods, measurements and models. Aquatic Ecology 31: 59-71. 46. George, D. G. & Hurley, M.A., 2002. Using a continuous function for residence time to quantify the impact of climate change on the dynamics of thermally stratified lakes. J. Limnol., 62(Suppl. 1): 21-26. 47. George, D.G., Hewitt, D.P., Lund, J.W.G. & Smyly, W.J.P. 1990. The relative effects of enrichment and climate change on the long-term dynamics of Daphnia in Esthwaite water, Cumbria. Freshwater Biology 23: 55-70. 48. George, D.G., Talling, J.F. and Rigg, E. 2000. Factors influencing the temporal coherence of five lakes in the English Lake District, Freshwater Biology 43: 449-461. 49. George, D. G., Maberly, S. C. & Hewitt, D.P. 2004. The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of four lakes in the English Lake District. Freshwater Biology 49(6): 760-774. 50. Gerten, D. & Adrian, R. 2000. Climate-driven changes in spring plankton dynamics and the sensitivity of shallow polymictic lakes to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1058–1066. 51. Gerten, D. & Adrian, R. 2001. Differences in the persistency of the North Atlantic Oscillation signal among lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46:448–455. 52. Gerten, D. & Adrian, R. 2002. Effects of climate warming, North Atlantic Oscillation, and El Niño-Southern Oscillation on thermal conditions and plankton dynamics in Northern Hemispheric lakes. The Scientific World Journal 2: 586-606. 53. Giorgio, del P.A. & Peters, R.H. 1994. Patterns in planktonic P:R ratios in lakes: Influence of lake trophy and dissolved organic carbon. Limnol Oceanogr 39: 772-787. 54. Goldman, C.R., A. Jassby & T. Powell, 1989. Inter-annual fluctuations in primary production: meteorological forcing at two subalpine lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34: 310- 323. 55. Granados, I. & M. Toro, 2000. Recent warming in a high mountain lake (Laguna Cimera, Central Spain) inferred by means of fossil chironomids. J. Limnol 59 (Suppl 1): 109-119. 56. Guess, S., Albrecht, D., Krambeck, H. J., Mueller-Navarra, D. C. & Mumm, H. (2000). Impact of weather on a lake ecosystem, assessed by cyclo-stationary MCCA of longterm observations. Ecology 81, 1720-1735. 57. Haas, L. 2002. Mediterranean water resources planning and climate change adaptation. Water, wetlands and climate change. Building Linkages for their Integrated Management. Mediterranean Regional Roundtable. Athens, Greece, December 10-11, 2002. Draft for Discussion. 62 pp. 58. Hallegraeff, G. M. 1993. A review of harmful algae blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia 32: 79-99. 59. Hamilton, D. P., Spillman, C., Prescott, K. L., Kratz, T. K. & Magnuson, J. J. 2001. Effects of atmospheric nutrient inputs on trophic status of Crystal Lake, Wisconsin. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. 28: 467-470. 60. Hargreaves, J.A. 1999. Control of Clay Turbidity in Ponds. SRAC Publication No. 460. 61. Harrington, R., I. Woiwood & Sparks, T. 1999. Climate change and trophic interactions. TREE 14: 146-150. 62. Hawkes, H.A., 1969. Ecological changes of applied significance from waste heat. In Krenkel & Parker (eds), Biological Aspects of Thermal Pollution, Vanderbilt University Press, 15-53. 224
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Climate Change and the European Wat
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European Commission- Joint Research
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At the 2003 Rome Informal Meeting o
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Changes in the diurnal variation of
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Fugure I.2. (a) Maximum grid covera
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century. This corresponds to a sea
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Other causes Other causes of climat
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tropospheric ozone are photochemica
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Figure. I.4. Radiative forcings and
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There are two indirect effects of a
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The projected warming is not unifor
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water towards the west Pacific caus
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Aerosols and climate change in the
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precipitation intensities have been
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Chapter III. The Hydrologic Cycle I
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Figure III.2. Long-term average ann
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Figure III.4. Projected change in s
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eduction in the rate of evaporation
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characteristics may or may not be u
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temperatures potentially lead to hi
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Chapter IV.A. Proxy indicators of C
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Mean Air Temperature (Dec.-March) [
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correlation coefficient -0.4 -0.3 -
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Chapter IV. B. The Impact of Climat
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numbers refer to water bodies bigge
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Table IV.B.2. Number of large dams*
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quality degradation and meet the in
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sufficient resolution and accuracy
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Windermere in the English Lake Dist
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their vertical structure. In partic
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have recently described a method th
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The available evidence suggests tha
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1979). In contrast, heavy rain incr
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The projected increase in the atmos
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Aulacoseira spp. favour the changed
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vertical bars are a simple measure
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values, with an upper limit of 30°
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the processes controlling, regional
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Sea level rise is partially due to
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Box # 1: The North Sea The North Se
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and organic material more rapidly t
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suggesting that climate rather than
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CO2 2- ). In turn, the alkalinity i
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looms are often associated with tox
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events of dense water through the D
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(1) Are we already observing a resp
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eastern and western side of the Nor
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system, their physiology and intern
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each coastal element be studied and
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IV.D.1. Introduction Coastal lagoon
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In the last decade, a general model
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topics in coastal lagoons (de Wit e
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Po River Delta lagoons, the long dr
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esilient to environmental changes a
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Chapter V.A. Climate Change and Ext
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It is realized that adaptation to c
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member states. Moreover some agenci
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Large, global scale climatic driver
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V.B.5. Climate change and droughts
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Evacuation from forest fires at Mas
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In European forest policy, water is
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Drought mitigation and the involvem
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DSS-DROUGHT A Decision Support Syst
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Chapter V .C. Climate Change, Ecolo
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The quality class boundaries within
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An example of this kind of relation
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Regions 1 to 5 represent mainly a m
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een observed in southwestern countr
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Table V.D.2: Percentage area affect
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Lake Surface Temperature [°C] Desc
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Case Study: Esthwaite Water, Cumbri
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Residence time (days) Chlorophyll (
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Case Study: Lake Erken, Sweden ►
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TP (µg l -1 ) Modelling To analyse
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Data availability and investigation
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smaller volume of water. The warmer
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Chapter VI.B. Climate Change and th
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Concerning the flora of the lagoon
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Figure VI.B.2: Frequency of “bora
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Page 221 and 222: 31. Rodionov, S.N. 1994. Global and
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Page 233 and 234: 60. McCleery, R. H. and Perrins, C.
Page 235 and 236: 105. UNESCO 2003. The integrated st
Page 237 and 238: ecosystems and the landscape and de
Page 239 and 240: 2. Carter, T.R., Saarikko, R.A., an
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