Climate Change and the European Water Dimension - Agri ...

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They also note that: ‘Temperature is not the only parameter of climate variation that would affect the transport processes of compounds. For instance, changes in other climate parameters, e.g. wind intensity, ice cover over the Great Lakes, and quantity, quality, and spatial variation of rain and snow, associated with various climate patterns would also affect scavenging and deposition of organic pollutants’. The study by Ma et al. (2004) is important, because it is the first of its kind and clearly provides evidence for the potential scope and scale of underlying climate fluctuations to impact the distribution and cycling of atmospheric POPs. VI.F.4. A brief case study of the Arctic – an illustration of potential complexities and inter-linking Macdonald and co-workers (2003) present an excellent synthesis of the potential influences of global change on contaminant pathways to, within and from the Arctic. They state: During the 1990s, a quiet revolution took place in the perception of the Arctic. Despite early evidence of cyclical change in northern biological populations and ice conditions, the general view among many western physical scientists throughout the 1960s to 1980s was that the Arctic was a relatively stable place. This view has been replaced by one of an Artic where major shifts can occur in a very short time, forced primarily by natural variation in the atmospheric pressure field associated with the ‘Arctic Oscillation (AO)’. They go on to give examples, and to speculate, about the ways in which such largescale atmospheric processes can potentially influence: • Inputs of POPs/pesticides from the source regions of North America, Europe and Asia; • Gas exchange, influenced by deposition and ice cover, in the North Pacific and Bering Sea, and in the Arctic Ocean (Jantunen and Bidleman, 1995); • Inputs to the Arctic waters from Russian and Canadian riverine inputs; • Releases from glacial ice mass loss and snow melt; • Cycling of POPs within Arctic lake waters; • The chemical partitioning and degradation of POPs in the Artic; These physical and chemical changes may ultimately, in turn, be linked to key biological aspects, such as: • Altering food web structure; • Food deprivation or shifts in diet; • Altered migration pathways and invading species, and even – it is argued – • The link between organochlorine compounds, disease and epidemics in wildlife populations (Macdonald et al., 2003). 214
Table VI.F.1. Priority substances in the UNECE POPs protocol. Substances highlighted in bold are to be included in the UNEP global POPs convention. Pesticides Industrial products Unintentional byproducts Aldrin 1 Chlordane 1 Chlordecone 1 DDT 1,2 Dieldrin 1 Endrin 1 Heptachlor 1 Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 1,3 Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) 1,2 Mirex 1 Toxaphene 1 1. Substances scheduled for elimination 2. Substances scheduled for restrictions on use 3. Substances scheduled for emission reductions Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 1,2 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 3 Hexabromobiphenyl 1 Polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins (PCDDs) 3 Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) 3 215
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Climate Change and the European Wat
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European Commission- Joint Research
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At the 2003 Rome Informal Meeting o
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Changes in the diurnal variation of
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Fugure I.2. (a) Maximum grid covera
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century. This corresponds to a sea
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Other causes Other causes of climat
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tropospheric ozone are photochemica
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Figure. I.4. Radiative forcings and
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There are two indirect effects of a
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The projected warming is not unifor
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water towards the west Pacific caus
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Aerosols and climate change in the
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precipitation intensities have been
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Chapter III. The Hydrologic Cycle I
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Figure III.2. Long-term average ann
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Figure III.4. Projected change in s
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eduction in the rate of evaporation
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characteristics may or may not be u
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temperatures potentially lead to hi
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Chapter IV.A. Proxy indicators of C
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Mean Air Temperature (Dec.-March) [
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correlation coefficient -0.4 -0.3 -
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Chapter IV. B. The Impact of Climat
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numbers refer to water bodies bigge
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Table IV.B.2. Number of large dams*
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quality degradation and meet the in
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sufficient resolution and accuracy
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Windermere in the English Lake Dist
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their vertical structure. In partic
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have recently described a method th
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The available evidence suggests tha
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1979). In contrast, heavy rain incr
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The projected increase in the atmos
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Aulacoseira spp. favour the changed
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vertical bars are a simple measure
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values, with an upper limit of 30°
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the processes controlling, regional
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Sea level rise is partially due to
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Box # 1: The North Sea The North Se
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and organic material more rapidly t
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suggesting that climate rather than
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CO2 2- ). In turn, the alkalinity i
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looms are often associated with tox
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events of dense water through the D
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(1) Are we already observing a resp
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eastern and western side of the Nor
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system, their physiology and intern
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each coastal element be studied and
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IV.D.1. Introduction Coastal lagoon
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In the last decade, a general model
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topics in coastal lagoons (de Wit e
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Po River Delta lagoons, the long dr
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esilient to environmental changes a
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Chapter V.A. Climate Change and Ext
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It is realized that adaptation to c
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member states. Moreover some agenci
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Large, global scale climatic driver
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V.B.5. Climate change and droughts
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Evacuation from forest fires at Mas
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In European forest policy, water is
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Drought mitigation and the involvem
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DSS-DROUGHT A Decision Support Syst
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Chapter V .C. Climate Change, Ecolo
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The quality class boundaries within
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An example of this kind of relation
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Regions 1 to 5 represent mainly a m
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een observed in southwestern countr
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Table V.D.2: Percentage area affect
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Lake Surface Temperature [°C] Desc
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Case Study: Esthwaite Water, Cumbri
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Residence time (days) Chlorophyll (
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Case Study: Lake Erken, Sweden ►
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TP (µg l -1 ) Modelling To analyse
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Page 233 and 234: 60. McCleery, R. H. and Perrins, C.
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Page 237 and 238: ecosystems and the landscape and de
Page 239 and 240: 2. Carter, T.R., Saarikko, R.A., an
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