—Kurmanji Kurdish— A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings
—Kurmanji Kurdish— A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings
—Kurmanji Kurdish— A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings
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Em behsa beşê kurdên Kurdistana<br />
Tirkiyeyê dikin.<br />
We are discussing the role of the Kurds<br />
in Turkey’s Kurdistan.<br />
Close compound verbs of the hildan ‘to raise’ and vekirin ‘to open’ type<br />
do not admit extension through a construct. They take normal direct objects<br />
before the verb.<br />
Ji peyayên gundî hinek ji dûr ve silavê<br />
li wî hildidin.<br />
Soviyetî pirtûkên dersan yên bi kurdî<br />
çap dikin û dibistanên kurdî vedikin.<br />
THE VERB<br />
A few of the village men raise a greeting<br />
to him from afar.<br />
The Soviets print schoolbooks in Kurdish<br />
and open Kurdish schools.<br />
§ 16. The Formation of the Present Subjunctive. Like the present indicative,<br />
the present subjunctive is formed from the present stem of the verb and<br />
the personal suffixes. The modal marker for the subjunctive is bí-. Unlike<br />
the dí prefix, bí does not usually drop its vowel in favor of an initial a in the<br />
stem, but in some dialects it may do so (i.e. baxivim for biaxivim).<br />
ez bíçim em bíçin ez bíaxivim em bíaxivin<br />
tu bíçî hun bíçin tu bíaxivî hun bíaxivin<br />
ew bíçe ew bíçin ew bíaxive ew bíaxivin<br />
In compound verbs, the bí- prefix is optional, and it is usually omitted<br />
<strong>with</strong> close compounds (generally speaking, those that are written together as<br />
one word and, by and large, verbs compounded <strong>with</strong> kirin unless there is an<br />
extended complement). When the bí- prefix is omitted, the absence of a<br />
modal prefix identifies the verb as subjunctive, as in ve-xwarin (ve-xw-) ‘to<br />
drink’ and hil-dan (hil-d-) ‘to lift’:<br />
ez véxwim em véxwin ez híldim em híldin<br />
tu véxwî hun véxwin tu híldî hun híldin<br />
ew véxwe ew véxwin ew hílde ew híldin<br />
The negative prefix for the subjunctive is né-, which replaces bí- where it<br />
occurs. Where there is no bi- prefix, the negative is attached to the verbal<br />
part of compounds.<br />
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