Differing Responses to an Industrialising Economy - eTheses ...

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Appendix 1a: Key to Map of Parishes in the Study Area (map on preceding page) Zone A, shown in blue on map: Alcester 7 Zone B, The Southern (Champion) Country (shown in yellow on map) 14 Weethley, 15 Salford Priors, 16 Harvington, 17 Cleeve Prior, 18a Bickmarsh (Warwickshire part of Welford on Avon) 18b Welford on Avon (Gloucestershire part) 19 Dorsington, 20 Pebworth, 21 Long Marston, 22a Weston upon Avon (Gloucestershire part), 22b Milcote (Warwickshire part of Weston upon Avon), 23 Bidford on Avon Zone C The Central (Wood-pasture) Belt (shown in green on map) 8 Stock & Bradley, 9 Kington, 10 Dormston, 11 Inkberrow, 12 Rous Lench, 13 Abbots Morton, 24 Temple Grafton, 25 Binton, 26 Wixford, 27 Exhall, 28 Arrow, 29 Kinwarton, 30 Great Alne, 31 Haselor, 32 Billesley, 33 Aston Cantlow, 34 Spernall, 35 Morton Bagot, 36 Oldberrow Zone D The Northern (Needle) District (shown in red on map) 1a Tutnall and Cobley (Warwickshire part of Tardebigge parish) 1b Webheath (part of Tardebigge), 1c Redditch (part of Tardebigge), 2 Beoley, 3 Feckenham, 4 Ipsley, 5 Studley, 6 Coughton 387
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DIFFERING RESPONSES TO AN INDUSTRIA
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This is a study of male occupationa
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Acknowledgements I would like to ac
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Appendix 11 Comparison of adult mal
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: THE AIMS,
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area to complement that found by th
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Although the precise meaning behind
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also describes the sources and meth
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of the poor and lists of parish app
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Probate records Although probate re
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and harvested by cutting, whereas f
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about the family and businesses of
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allowing comparison between the dif
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the ratio of agricultural to non-ag
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multiple occupations is also incons
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Appendix 23. 52 These documents rec
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surveying occupations in the Needle
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and periods therefore have to be tr
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enjoying its status as a market tow
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was of course very similar to that
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Buchanan has shown that to a large
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industry. 80 Some of these factors
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Yelling has shown that in both the
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osy picture than Rowlands of the me
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other regions, for instance Manches
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marriage and larger families, but p
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of women and children in the econom
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sources often favoured by the wealt
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Table 3.1 Population of Whole Study
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Between 1751 and 1801 the populatio
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Alcester fared particularly badly i
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Taking a mean average figure of app
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sound. 34 The figures circa 1780 fo
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person to every acre and by 1841 0.
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The baptism numbers in Table 3.9 co
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shown in Table 3.11. 47 The apparen
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y a further 136.7% to 1841. 52 Othe
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Table 3.15 Population densities 167
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seventeenth to the nineteenth centu
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sources such as smaller population
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Table 4.2 Males in probate in speci
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the mid-eighteenth century, and mos
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Table 4.7 Occupational structure in
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For comparative purposes data from
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In comparison with probate data the
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ways by different townsfolk: to gra
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gained currency in non-legal parlan
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In Period A glaziers benefited from
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the knitters, other occupations in
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dyers. 83 Some Alcester weavers may
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‘to learn the art and mystery of
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thereof must have gone out of fashi
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apparent. 119 If they were added to
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town. 130 Although in Period C the
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UBD contains no glovers, but one fe
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making malt, while the Harris famil
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served as a juror and occupied his
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Throughout the study period Alceste
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their shop near Alcester church. No
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apprenticeship in Alcester’s gunm
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spreading fast, profitability was n
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ironmongers in 1835 was female. 216
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earlier times, by the 1790s coaches
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source of income for the court leet
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apparently increased through the st
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The only brewer described as such i
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was also a haberdasher, his mother
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in the first half of the nineteenth
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grammar school, directories now lis
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Lord Brooke of Warwick’s parliame
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credit furnished by gentlemen and g
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for actors), baptised children in A
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More hidden was the part played by
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CHAPTER FIVE ZONE B: THE SOUTHERN (
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Table 5.1 Male occupational structu
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In Table 5.3 marriage licence data
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Table 5.8 Occupational structure in
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Gloucestershire ‘Men and Armour
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air wholesome and healthful. The so
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less flexibility for labourers, so
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labour and access to commons to eke
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Extractive industries and building
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together the 1841 census has a figu
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Textiles, clothing and paper Ramsay
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vulnerable to slumps in the market.
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wool-carder and wool-spinner. In th
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manufacture include mantua-makers,
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often well-connected compared to ot
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Over the two centuries a couple of
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formed part of an increasing consum
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Although the numbers involved in tr
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Some of Bidford’s inns had wharve
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category we find Richard Rawlins, m
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In Victorian times perukemakers and
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struggled as a market centre, Bidfo
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Before the censuses the many domest
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The Avon was always important for t
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the mid-nineteenth century. 6 Possi
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could have been ripe for industrial
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comparative revival in Period D. Th
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The 1841 census has lower figures f
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Table 6.9b Occupational structure i
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Agriculture The soil in the west of
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opportunities for casual work in th
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In Period D other occupations assoc
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ooms and a buttery and cheese-chamb
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etween quarrying and non-quarrying
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involved in textile or paper sector
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are low. As well as farming, weaver
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The flax-dresser on the Ridgeway at
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fathers in Period D. The 1841 censu
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Chandlers were never abundant in th
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underwoods on their property, proba
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Among the wealthier blacksmiths was
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local market was sufficient to make
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with other occupations. 166 Thomas
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something of a novelty in these par
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Larger villages served as entrepots
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apothecaries and midwives before 18
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Baptism registers (1813-1840) place
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In Period C although quarrying and
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CHAPTER SEVEN ZONE D: THE NORTHERN
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when there were 3314 inhabitants. A
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Table 7.4 Bridegrooms from marriage
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different nature of the two towns.
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Between 1680 and 1780 the parish re
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Table 7.11 Male occupational struct
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Information from Coughton burial re
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In investigating the bias between s
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mere two. The patterns shown in the
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pigs and considerable cheese produc
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Extractive and building industries
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glaziers working in churches and pu
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a poor journeyman tailor whose only
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Feckenham Forest. In turn they rece
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as well as his own. 119 In 1798 a b
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who continued to be a particularly
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tanners were amongst the most afflu
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gentleman, who served as high const
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seems to die out with them although
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wheelwrights also turned their hand
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Maybe labourers or woodmen undertoo
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Hemming family in Studley, which co
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in the Feckenham Forest. It was che
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distances to find employment. 220 T
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Stourbridge wire-drawers. 228 None
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Needlemakers. A dozen local needler
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eveal two other pin-makers in Tarde
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during this period, the largest gro
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Those attracted into the industry w
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operated in their cottages largely
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Fairfax, who was paid by Feckenham
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approval from the workers, who fear
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and Warwickshire carriers, includin
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A Studley man, the unfortunately na
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After the completion of The Worcest
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‘proprietor of the gasworks’. 3
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meetings and dinners. 342 Throughou
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Ipsley was described as an oat-mill
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smithy. 362 His mercery shop must h
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Among the clothing and cloth retail
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a handful of such men. 384 Probate
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Before 1800 local records contain f
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various denominations, book-keeper,
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domestic servants’ jobs are speci
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Page 349 and 350: Innkeepers, retailers, dealers and
Page 351 and 352: The source in Table 8.5 is more com
Page 353 and 354: Table 8.8 shows that proportionally
Page 355 and 356: Throughout the study period the und
Page 357 and 358: inventories cease, it is more diffi
Page 359 and 360: your new shoes from the village cor
Page 361 and 362: Table 8.11 Number of different male
Page 363 and 364: Table 8.13 Number of different male
Page 365 and 366: (66) had more occupations than othe
Page 367 and 368: Table 8.18 Comparison of three pari
Page 369 and 370: Wealth, status and mobility The sco
Page 371 and 372: This crude ranking approximates to
Page 373 and 374: General conclusions In this chapter
Page 375 and 376: the study area’s needle masters l
Page 377 and 378: In looking at the wider picture we
Page 379 and 380: Upton-upon-Severn 19 SW, Tewkesbury
Page 381 and 382: and keuper marl. Enclosure award 17
Page 383 and 384: ‘Rich soil abundantly fertile in
Page 385 and 386: manor before 1743. Aston Cantlow ha
Page 387 and 388: Worcester diocese; middle division
Page 389 and 390: Throckmortons. Much depopulation be
Page 391 and 392: Feckenham - a very large parish of
Page 393: separate parish register from the l
Page 397 and 398: general comments regarding occupati
Page 399 and 400: Wood and charcoal: Male: charcoal b
Page 401 and 402: Professionals, gentry, domestic ser
Page 403 and 404: Appendix 3: Male probate inventory
Page 405 and 406: Appendix 6: Comparison of different
Page 407 and 408: The above tables show the share of
Page 409 and 410: Appendix 9: Adult male occupational
Page 411 and 412: Appendix 11: Male occupational stru
Page 413 and 414: Appendix 12: Markets in or near the
Page 416 and 417: Appendix 13: Fairs held in parishes
Page 418 and 419: Studley Mop Fair: hiring fair aroun
Page 420 and 421: Redditch/Tardebigge: Birmingham, Br
Page 422 and 423: Kidderminster to London via Redditc
Page 424: 1839 Robson’s Birmingham and Shef
Page 428 and 429: Appendix 18: Parishes with quarries
Page 430 and 431: Appendix 20: The Needle Industry an
Page 432 and 433: Appendix 21: Occupational database:
Page 434 and 435: Textile, clothing and paper Clothie
Page 436 and 437: Maltster - shoemaker, publican, bak
Page 438 and 439: Appendix 23 Inland revenue apprenti
Page 440 and 441: Appendix 23d Occupational structure
Page 442 and 443: Appendix 24c: Zone C, The Central (
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Appendix 25 Alcester and Redditch i
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Table 4 Male occupational structure
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Table 10 Occupational structure (pr
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WoRO, BA8552, (ref. 850), Tardebigg
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1837 Directory to the City and Subu
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DR12/63, property deeds. DR18/17, m
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DR360/141, deed regarding the purch
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Clark, P., ed., The Cambridge Urban
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Levine, D., and Wrightson, K., The
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Dyer, A. and Palliser, D., eds.,
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Bradbrook, W., History of the Paris
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Skipp, V., Crisis and Development:
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Probert, R. and D’Arcy Brown, L.,
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Wrigley, E. A., ‘English county p
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