Differing Responses to an Industrialising Economy - eTheses ...

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Appendix 24c: Zone C, The Central (Wood-pasture) Belt Acreage Land tax total No. of landowners % paid by largest landowner % paid by 5 largest landowners * % of adult males in agriculture 1813-1820 Persons per acre 1801 Abbots Morton 1463 £79.4.0 18 15.63 60.59 85.7 0.13 Arrow £217.5.4 1 100.00 100.00 Oversley £160.7.0 5 or 6 47.75 99.64 Arrow & Oversley 4087 62.2 0.09 Aston Cantlow 4966 £320.2.2 37 50.98 80.89 70.4 0.14 Billesley 841 0.03 Binton 1284 £80.0.0 4 91.84 100.00 65.4 0.16 Dormston 828 £43.19.0 8 30.44 92.27 88.0 0.10 Exhall 833 £40.0.0 11 32.25 95.83 0.15 Gt Alne 1697 £152.14.4 39 or 40 18.00 55.01 75.9 0.17 Haselor 2250 £186.4.11 17 35.90 77.88 67.9 0.13 Cookhill + £235.6.3 39 or 40 39.95 70.13 Edgioake £99.19.2 33 17.33 54.79 Inkberrow village, etc £95.12.3 30 18.43 63.03 Morton under Hill £128.19.3 30 22.12 58.57 Inkberrow 6847 82.6 0.19 Kington 1036 £84.2.4 15 or 17 43.32 88.87 93.1 0.11 Kinwarton 500 £42.13.4 3 80.30 100.00 100.0 0.05 Morton Bagot 1129 £124.16.4 6 42.37 99.97 75.8 0.17 Oldberrow 1215 £61.16.6 11 33.36 78.84 100.0 0.09 Rous Lench 1426 £80.2.8 15 65.17 95.19 77.6 0.16 Spernall 1060 £69.7.4 4 75.61 100.00 96.0 0.08 Stock & Bradley 1151 £79.19.5 31 16.18 53.52 67.9 0.15 Temple Grafton 2054 £206.9.4 14 35.58 89.28 60.9 0.11 Wixford 569 £40.0.7 6 71.52 99.62 55.2 0.20 * Where there are fewer than 5 proprietors the percentage given in this column is the total. + N. B. The figures for Cookhill may include some payments from other parts of Inkberrow Parish 434
Appendix 24d: Zone D, The Northern (Needle) District Acreage Land tax total No. of landowners % paid by largest landowner % paid by 5 largest landowners * % of adult males in agriculture 1813-1820 Persons per acre 1801 Beoley 4713 £250.19.0 18 86.47 92.81 71.4 0.13 Coughton £125.12.0 2 98.94 100.00 Sambourne £144.16.11 16 84.68 93.99 Coughton & Sambourne 4263 47.2 0.17 Astwood £22.16.3 9 32.26 87.72 Beanhall £25.3.8 13 or 14 21.76 72.63 Berrow Hill £39.9.10 19 16.89 69.84 Callow Hill £41.4.11 17 36.02 80.26 Feckenham village, etc £46.13.4 43 18.27 49.70 Hunt End £19.4.10 19 43.14 80.87 Feckenham 6929 33.6 0.26 Ipsley 2677 £222.2.4 14 or 16 38.50 91.24 42.4 0.18 Studley 4322 £330.17.4 62 17.58 49.95 39.5 0.24 Bentley £108.12.4 25 14.25 54.63 Redditch £133.9.8 42 16.80 58.99 Webheath £109.0.0 29 18.35 52.14 Tutnall & Cobley, Warks. £170.13.4 18 or 19 64.87 83.72 Tardebigge, (Worcs. & Warks.) 9555 27.3 0.24 * Where there are fewer than 5 proprietors the percentage given in this column is the total. 435
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DIFFERING RESPONSES TO AN INDUSTRIA
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This is a study of male occupationa
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Acknowledgements I would like to ac
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Appendix 11 Comparison of adult mal
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: THE AIMS,
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area to complement that found by th
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Although the precise meaning behind
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also describes the sources and meth
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of the poor and lists of parish app
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Probate records Although probate re
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and harvested by cutting, whereas f
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about the family and businesses of
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allowing comparison between the dif
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the ratio of agricultural to non-ag
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multiple occupations is also incons
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Appendix 23. 52 These documents rec
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surveying occupations in the Needle
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and periods therefore have to be tr
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enjoying its status as a market tow
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was of course very similar to that
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Buchanan has shown that to a large
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industry. 80 Some of these factors
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Yelling has shown that in both the
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osy picture than Rowlands of the me
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other regions, for instance Manches
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marriage and larger families, but p
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of women and children in the econom
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sources often favoured by the wealt
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Table 3.1 Population of Whole Study
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Between 1751 and 1801 the populatio
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Alcester fared particularly badly i
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Taking a mean average figure of app
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sound. 34 The figures circa 1780 fo
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person to every acre and by 1841 0.
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The baptism numbers in Table 3.9 co
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shown in Table 3.11. 47 The apparen
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y a further 136.7% to 1841. 52 Othe
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Table 3.15 Population densities 167
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seventeenth to the nineteenth centu
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sources such as smaller population
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Table 4.2 Males in probate in speci
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the mid-eighteenth century, and mos
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Table 4.7 Occupational structure in
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For comparative purposes data from
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In comparison with probate data the
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ways by different townsfolk: to gra
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gained currency in non-legal parlan
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In Period A glaziers benefited from
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the knitters, other occupations in
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dyers. 83 Some Alcester weavers may
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‘to learn the art and mystery of
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thereof must have gone out of fashi
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apparent. 119 If they were added to
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town. 130 Although in Period C the
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UBD contains no glovers, but one fe
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making malt, while the Harris famil
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served as a juror and occupied his
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Throughout the study period Alceste
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their shop near Alcester church. No
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apprenticeship in Alcester’s gunm
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spreading fast, profitability was n
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ironmongers in 1835 was female. 216
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earlier times, by the 1790s coaches
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source of income for the court leet
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apparently increased through the st
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The only brewer described as such i
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was also a haberdasher, his mother
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in the first half of the nineteenth
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grammar school, directories now lis
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Lord Brooke of Warwick’s parliame
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credit furnished by gentlemen and g
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for actors), baptised children in A
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More hidden was the part played by
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CHAPTER FIVE ZONE B: THE SOUTHERN (
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Table 5.1 Male occupational structu
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In Table 5.3 marriage licence data
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Table 5.8 Occupational structure in
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Gloucestershire ‘Men and Armour
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air wholesome and healthful. The so
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less flexibility for labourers, so
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labour and access to commons to eke
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Extractive industries and building
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together the 1841 census has a figu
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Textiles, clothing and paper Ramsay
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vulnerable to slumps in the market.
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wool-carder and wool-spinner. In th
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manufacture include mantua-makers,
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often well-connected compared to ot
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Over the two centuries a couple of
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formed part of an increasing consum
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Although the numbers involved in tr
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Some of Bidford’s inns had wharve
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category we find Richard Rawlins, m
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In Victorian times perukemakers and
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struggled as a market centre, Bidfo
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Before the censuses the many domest
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The Avon was always important for t
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the mid-nineteenth century. 6 Possi
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could have been ripe for industrial
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comparative revival in Period D. Th
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The 1841 census has lower figures f
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Table 6.9b Occupational structure i
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Agriculture The soil in the west of
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opportunities for casual work in th
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In Period D other occupations assoc
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ooms and a buttery and cheese-chamb
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etween quarrying and non-quarrying
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involved in textile or paper sector
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are low. As well as farming, weaver
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The flax-dresser on the Ridgeway at
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fathers in Period D. The 1841 censu
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Chandlers were never abundant in th
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underwoods on their property, proba
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Among the wealthier blacksmiths was
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local market was sufficient to make
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with other occupations. 166 Thomas
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something of a novelty in these par
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Larger villages served as entrepots
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apothecaries and midwives before 18
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Baptism registers (1813-1840) place
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In Period C although quarrying and
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CHAPTER SEVEN ZONE D: THE NORTHERN
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when there were 3314 inhabitants. A
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Table 7.4 Bridegrooms from marriage
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different nature of the two towns.
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Between 1680 and 1780 the parish re
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Table 7.11 Male occupational struct
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Page 263 and 264:
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Information from Coughton burial re
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In investigating the bias between s
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mere two. The patterns shown in the
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pigs and considerable cheese produc
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Extractive and building industries
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glaziers working in churches and pu
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a poor journeyman tailor whose only
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Feckenham Forest. In turn they rece
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as well as his own. 119 In 1798 a b
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who continued to be a particularly
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tanners were amongst the most afflu
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gentleman, who served as high const
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seems to die out with them although
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wheelwrights also turned their hand
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Maybe labourers or woodmen undertoo
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Hemming family in Studley, which co
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in the Feckenham Forest. It was che
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distances to find employment. 220 T
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Stourbridge wire-drawers. 228 None
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Needlemakers. A dozen local needler
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eveal two other pin-makers in Tarde
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during this period, the largest gro
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Those attracted into the industry w
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operated in their cottages largely
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Fairfax, who was paid by Feckenham
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approval from the workers, who fear
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and Warwickshire carriers, includin
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A Studley man, the unfortunately na
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After the completion of The Worcest
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‘proprietor of the gasworks’. 3
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meetings and dinners. 342 Throughou
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Ipsley was described as an oat-mill
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smithy. 362 His mercery shop must h
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Among the clothing and cloth retail
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a handful of such men. 384 Probate
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Before 1800 local records contain f
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various denominations, book-keeper,
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domestic servants’ jobs are speci
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the local needle trade in the eight
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igger population, but at this stage
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significant presence of needlemaker
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Innkeepers, retailers, dealers and
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The source in Table 8.5 is more com
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Table 8.8 shows that proportionally
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Throughout the study period the und
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inventories cease, it is more diffi
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your new shoes from the village cor
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Table 8.11 Number of different male
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Table 8.13 Number of different male
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(66) had more occupations than othe
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Table 8.18 Comparison of three pari
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Wealth, status and mobility The sco
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This crude ranking approximates to
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General conclusions In this chapter
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the study area’s needle masters l
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In looking at the wider picture we
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Upton-upon-Severn 19 SW, Tewkesbury
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and keuper marl. Enclosure award 17
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‘Rich soil abundantly fertile in
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manor before 1743. Aston Cantlow ha
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Worcester diocese; middle division
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Throckmortons. Much depopulation be
Page 391 and 392: Feckenham - a very large parish of
Page 393: separate parish register from the l
Page 396 and 397: Appendix 2: Occupational descriptor
Page 398 and 399: Textile, clothing and paper: Male:
Page 400 and 401: Transport: Male: railway worker, to
Page 402 and 403: Agriculture without labourers Labou
Page 404 and 405: Appendix 4: Occupational informatio
Page 406 and 407: Appendix 7 continued: 1831 census:
Page 408 and 409: Appendix 8: Harvington Collection u
Page 410 and 411: Appendix 10: Bidford: Male occupati
Page 412 and 413: sectors which increased their share
Page 414: Markets surrounding the study area
Page 417 and 418: Beoley Wake: Sunday following Old S
Page 419 and 420: Appendix 14: Carrying network Below
Page 421 and 422: Appendix 15:Turnpike Roads and Coac
Page 423 and 424: 1830 Pigot’s Birmingham and Worce
Page 427 and 428: Appendix 17: Water-mills and Windmi
Page 429 and 430: Appendix 19: Parishes with schools
Page 431 and 432: Needlemakers and associated trades
Page 433 and 434: Appendix 22: Multiple occupations T
Page 435 and 436: Metal Blacksmith - whitesmith, PO,
Page 437 and 438: stand out as particularly numerous.
Page 439 and 440: Appendix 23b Occupational structure
Page 441: Appendix 24 : Land tax returns 1798
Page 445 and 446: Appendix 26: Comparison of occupati
Page 447 and 448: Table 7 Occupational structure (pri
Page 449 and 450: Sources and Bibliography Primary So
Page 451 and 452: Trade directories consulted 1767 Sk
Page 453 and 454: Worcester Post or Western Journal W
Page 455 and 456: Warwickshire County Record Office (
Page 457 and 458: BA3586, Feckenham apprentice record
Page 459 and 460: Levine, D., and Wrightson, K., The
Page 461 and 462: Stobart, J., The First Industrial R
Page 463 and 464: Smith, C., ‘Population growth and
Page 465 and 466: Jones, P. M., Industrial Enlightenm
Page 467 and 468: Buchanan, K., ‘Studies in the loc
Page 469 and 470: Websites www.a2a.org.uk Access to A
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