Differing Responses to an Industrialising Economy - eTheses ...

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Table 3.7 Population totals for Zone B, The Southern (Champion) Country from censuses 1801-1861 Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 Bidford-on-Avon 928 1006 1219 1268 1567 1537 1565 Cleeve Prior 287 322 343 368 366 329 340 Dorsington 100 103 121 122 141 115 118 Harvington 262 260 353 318 347 360 452 Long Marston 242 253 272 264 337 332 371 Pebworth 579 591 620 578 829 737 736 Salford Priors 758 817 813 899 865 862 858 Weethley 51 55 54 62 57 48 33 Bickmarsh,Warks. 21 61 65 130 54 50 Welford-on-Avon,Glos. 477 641 604 608 605 Welford-on-Avon, (Glos. & Warks.) 516 498 702 669 738 659 627 Milcote,Warks 21 16 14 15 25 33 50 Weston-on-Avon,Glos 118 96 93 93 79 82 87 Weston-on-Avon, (Glos. & Warks.) 139 112 107 108 104 115 137 Zone B, Southern (Champion) Country 3862 4017 4604 4656 5351 5094 5237 By 1801 the population of this zone had grown to 3862 persons. It then increased by some 38.6% from 1801 to 1841, before stagnating. Apart from tiny Weston, each parish’s population grew over this period, but the bigger villages such as Bidford, Pebworth and Welford showed the most growth. 37 In 1841 the enumerator recorded that Pebworth’s numbers had been increased since 1831 by 24 men and 26 women who had settled in the village ‘under the allotment scheme’. 38 Perhaps that scheme had also encouraged others to stay in the parish. This zone comprised some 21950 acres. In 1676 the population was between 2071 and 2966 persons. Taking the mean average figure of 2519 persons gives a population density of 0.11 persons to every acre. By 1801 this had changed to 0.17 37 For a comparison of Bidford’s occupations in the 1831 and 1841 censuses see Appendix 10. 38 GlosRO, 1841 census, Pebworth. The same census also records one person in a barn at Pebworth and boatmen on their boats at Bidford. 58
person to every acre and by 1841 0.24 persons to every acre. 39 The occupational structure of this zone, the Southern (Champion) Country, appears in Chapter 5. Table 3.8 Population estimates for Zone C, The Central (Wood-pasture) Belt 1563 to 1780 Acreage 1563 lower 1563 higher 1676 lower 1676 c. 1730 c. 1730 c. 1780 c. 1780 higher lower higher lower higher Abbots Morton 1463 84 105 100 150 160 200 Arrow 64 80 156 195 Oversley 132 165 Arrow & Oversley 4087 382 573 288 360 276 345 Aston Cantlow 4966 212 265 484 605 572 715 504 630 Billesley 841 4 5 12 15 8 10 Binton 1284 132 165 76 114 100 125 120 150 Dormston 828 72 90 57 86 64 80 Exhall 833 76 95 60 75 56 70 (156) (195) Great Alne 1697 76 95 165 248 124 155 Haselor 2250 124 155 140 175 240 300 224 280 Inkberrow 6847 516 645 761 1142 889 889 Kington 1036 56 70 116 174 108 135 Kinwarton 500 32 40 48 72 52 65 16 20 Morton Bagot 1129 92 115 84 126 160 200 Oldberrow 1215 40 50 62 93 108 135 Rous Lench 1426 48 60 67 101 160 200 Spernall 1060 48 60 78 117 72 90 80 100 Stock & Bradley *1151 80 120 100 150 124 124 Temple Grafton 2054 76 95 113 170 160 200 156 195 Wixford 569 48 60 104 130 92 115 Table 3.8 shows population estimates for Zone C. 40 For 1563 multipliers of 4 and 5 were used to obtain a population estimate. As explained above, for most parishes a multiplier of 1 or 1.5 is used for the 1676 Compton census, but for Aston Cantlow, Exhall 39 See Tables 3.14, 3.15 and 3.16 for comparison with other zones. 40 Acreages are mainly from the Cambridge Group, but that for Stock and Bradley is from VCH Worcestershire. VCH Warwickshire breaks down the constituent parts of Arrow as follows: Oversley 1478, rest of Arrow 2634, a total of 4112. 59
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DIFFERING RESPONSES TO AN INDUSTRIA
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This is a study of male occupationa
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Acknowledgements I would like to ac
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Appendix 11 Comparison of adult mal
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: THE AIMS,
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area to complement that found by th
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Although the precise meaning behind
Page 15 and 16: also describes the sources and meth
Page 17 and 18: of the poor and lists of parish app
Page 19 and 20: Probate records Although probate re
Page 21 and 22: and harvested by cutting, whereas f
Page 23 and 24: about the family and businesses of
Page 25 and 26: allowing comparison between the dif
Page 27 and 28: the ratio of agricultural to non-ag
Page 29 and 30: multiple occupations is also incons
Page 31 and 32: Appendix 23. 52 These documents rec
Page 33 and 34: surveying occupations in the Needle
Page 35 and 36: and periods therefore have to be tr
Page 37 and 38: enjoying its status as a market tow
Page 39 and 40: was of course very similar to that
Page 41 and 42: Buchanan has shown that to a large
Page 43 and 44: industry. 80 Some of these factors
Page 45 and 46: Yelling has shown that in both the
Page 47 and 48: osy picture than Rowlands of the me
Page 49 and 50: other regions, for instance Manches
Page 51 and 52: marriage and larger families, but p
Page 53 and 54: of women and children in the econom
Page 55 and 56: sources often favoured by the wealt
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.1 Population of Whole Study
Page 59 and 60: Between 1751 and 1801 the populatio
Page 61 and 62: Alcester fared particularly badly i
Page 63 and 64: Taking a mean average figure of app
Page 65: sound. 34 The figures circa 1780 fo
Page 69 and 70: The baptism numbers in Table 3.9 co
Page 71 and 72: shown in Table 3.11. 47 The apparen
Page 73 and 74: y a further 136.7% to 1841. 52 Othe
Page 75 and 76: Table 3.15 Population densities 167
Page 77 and 78: seventeenth to the nineteenth centu
Page 79 and 80: sources such as smaller population
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.2 Males in probate in speci
Page 83 and 84: the mid-eighteenth century, and mos
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.7 Occupational structure in
Page 87 and 88: For comparative purposes data from
Page 89 and 90: In comparison with probate data the
Page 91 and 92: ways by different townsfolk: to gra
Page 93 and 94: gained currency in non-legal parlan
Page 95 and 96: In Period A glaziers benefited from
Page 97 and 98: the knitters, other occupations in
Page 99 and 100: dyers. 83 Some Alcester weavers may
Page 101 and 102: ‘to learn the art and mystery of
Page 103 and 104: thereof must have gone out of fashi
Page 105 and 106: apparent. 119 If they were added to
Page 107 and 108: town. 130 Although in Period C the
Page 109 and 110: UBD contains no glovers, but one fe
Page 111 and 112: making malt, while the Harris famil
Page 113 and 114: served as a juror and occupied his
Page 115 and 116: Throughout the study period Alceste
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their shop near Alcester church. No
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apprenticeship in Alcester’s gunm
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spreading fast, profitability was n
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ironmongers in 1835 was female. 216
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earlier times, by the 1790s coaches
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source of income for the court leet
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apparently increased through the st
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The only brewer described as such i
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was also a haberdasher, his mother
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in the first half of the nineteenth
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grammar school, directories now lis
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Lord Brooke of Warwick’s parliame
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credit furnished by gentlemen and g
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for actors), baptised children in A
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More hidden was the part played by
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CHAPTER FIVE ZONE B: THE SOUTHERN (
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Table 5.1 Male occupational structu
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In Table 5.3 marriage licence data
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Table 5.8 Occupational structure in
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Gloucestershire ‘Men and Armour
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air wholesome and healthful. The so
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less flexibility for labourers, so
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labour and access to commons to eke
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Extractive industries and building
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together the 1841 census has a figu
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Textiles, clothing and paper Ramsay
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vulnerable to slumps in the market.
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wool-carder and wool-spinner. In th
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manufacture include mantua-makers,
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often well-connected compared to ot
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Over the two centuries a couple of
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formed part of an increasing consum
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Although the numbers involved in tr
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Some of Bidford’s inns had wharve
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category we find Richard Rawlins, m
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In Victorian times perukemakers and
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struggled as a market centre, Bidfo
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Before the censuses the many domest
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The Avon was always important for t
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the mid-nineteenth century. 6 Possi
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could have been ripe for industrial
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comparative revival in Period D. Th
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The 1841 census has lower figures f
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Table 6.9b Occupational structure i
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Agriculture The soil in the west of
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opportunities for casual work in th
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In Period D other occupations assoc
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ooms and a buttery and cheese-chamb
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etween quarrying and non-quarrying
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involved in textile or paper sector
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are low. As well as farming, weaver
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The flax-dresser on the Ridgeway at
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fathers in Period D. The 1841 censu
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Chandlers were never abundant in th
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underwoods on their property, proba
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Among the wealthier blacksmiths was
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local market was sufficient to make
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with other occupations. 166 Thomas
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something of a novelty in these par
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Larger villages served as entrepots
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apothecaries and midwives before 18
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Baptism registers (1813-1840) place
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In Period C although quarrying and
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CHAPTER SEVEN ZONE D: THE NORTHERN
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when there were 3314 inhabitants. A
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Table 7.4 Bridegrooms from marriage
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different nature of the two towns.
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Between 1680 and 1780 the parish re
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Table 7.11 Male occupational struct
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Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Information from Coughton burial re
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Page 269 and 270:
In investigating the bias between s
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mere two. The patterns shown in the
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pigs and considerable cheese produc
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Extractive and building industries
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glaziers working in churches and pu
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a poor journeyman tailor whose only
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Feckenham Forest. In turn they rece
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as well as his own. 119 In 1798 a b
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who continued to be a particularly
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tanners were amongst the most afflu
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gentleman, who served as high const
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seems to die out with them although
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wheelwrights also turned their hand
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Maybe labourers or woodmen undertoo
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Hemming family in Studley, which co
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in the Feckenham Forest. It was che
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distances to find employment. 220 T
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Stourbridge wire-drawers. 228 None
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Needlemakers. A dozen local needler
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eveal two other pin-makers in Tarde
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during this period, the largest gro
Page 311 and 312:
Those attracted into the industry w
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operated in their cottages largely
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Fairfax, who was paid by Feckenham
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approval from the workers, who fear
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and Warwickshire carriers, includin
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A Studley man, the unfortunately na
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After the completion of The Worcest
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‘proprietor of the gasworks’. 3
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meetings and dinners. 342 Throughou
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Ipsley was described as an oat-mill
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smithy. 362 His mercery shop must h
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Among the clothing and cloth retail
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a handful of such men. 384 Probate
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Before 1800 local records contain f
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various denominations, book-keeper,
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domestic servants’ jobs are speci
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the local needle trade in the eight
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igger population, but at this stage
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significant presence of needlemaker
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Innkeepers, retailers, dealers and
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The source in Table 8.5 is more com
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Table 8.8 shows that proportionally
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Throughout the study period the und
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inventories cease, it is more diffi
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your new shoes from the village cor
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Table 8.11 Number of different male
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Table 8.13 Number of different male
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(66) had more occupations than othe
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Table 8.18 Comparison of three pari
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Wealth, status and mobility The sco
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This crude ranking approximates to
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General conclusions In this chapter
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the study area’s needle masters l
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In looking at the wider picture we
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Upton-upon-Severn 19 SW, Tewkesbury
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and keuper marl. Enclosure award 17
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‘Rich soil abundantly fertile in
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manor before 1743. Aston Cantlow ha
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Worcester diocese; middle division
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Throckmortons. Much depopulation be
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Feckenham - a very large parish of
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separate parish register from the l
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Appendix 2: Occupational descriptor
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Textile, clothing and paper: Male:
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Transport: Male: railway worker, to
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Agriculture without labourers Labou
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Appendix 4: Occupational informatio
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Appendix 7 continued: 1831 census:
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Appendix 8: Harvington Collection u
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Appendix 10: Bidford: Male occupati
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sectors which increased their share
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Markets surrounding the study area
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Beoley Wake: Sunday following Old S
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Appendix 14: Carrying network Below
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Appendix 15:Turnpike Roads and Coac
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1830 Pigot’s Birmingham and Worce
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Appendix 17: Water-mills and Windmi
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Appendix 19: Parishes with schools
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Needlemakers and associated trades
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Appendix 22: Multiple occupations T
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Metal Blacksmith - whitesmith, PO,
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stand out as particularly numerous.
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Appendix 23b Occupational structure
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Appendix 24 : Land tax returns 1798
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Appendix 24d: Zone D, The Northern
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Appendix 26: Comparison of occupati
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Table 7 Occupational structure (pri
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Sources and Bibliography Primary So
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Trade directories consulted 1767 Sk
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Worcester Post or Western Journal W
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Warwickshire County Record Office (
Page 457 and 458:
BA3586, Feckenham apprentice record
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Levine, D., and Wrightson, K., The
Page 461 and 462:
Stobart, J., The First Industrial R
Page 463 and 464:
Smith, C., ‘Population growth and
Page 465 and 466:
Jones, P. M., Industrial Enlightenm
Page 467 and 468:
Buchanan, K., ‘Studies in the loc
Page 469 and 470:
Websites www.a2a.org.uk Access to A
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