Differing Responses to an Industrialising Economy - eTheses ...

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and Wixford multipliers of 4 and 5 seemed more appropriate. 41 The figure circa 1780 for Exhall includes the chapelry of Wixford, while for Inkberrow and Stock and Bradley the number of inhabitants was given as well as the number of families. 42 As in Zones A and B, these figures suggest uneven growth or stagnation in many parishes between 1676 and 1780. Table 3.9 Baptism numbers in parish registers in Zone C, The Central (Wood-pasture) Belt 1575-1810 Baptisms (9 year moving average) 1575 1675 1710 1735 1760 1780 1810 Abbots Morton 4.6 5.4 5.4 4.4 Arrow (with Oversley) 6.6 9.8 9.0 5.9 10.7 Aston Cantlow *13.3 21.1 17.4 15.4 24.3 23.4 Billesley *0.4 Binton 3.9 4.4 4.6 4.6 6.3 6.6 Dormston 3.7 2.6 6.7 Exhall (with Wixford) 4.2 4.2 2.0 *5.9 7.4 Gt Alne 5.3 8.3 8.7 Haselor 6.9 8.0 7.6 9.0 11.4 Inkberrow *25.8 22.0 29.6 29.7 34.2 49.2 Kington 4.3 6.4 3.4 3.8 5.3 Kinwarton *2.0 *2.4 *5.3 0.7 0.4 1.9 Morton Bagot 3.9 5.1 3.3 6.2 4.6 Oldberrow *1.9 3.0 3.8 3.4 5.2 6.3 Rous Lench 5.2 4.8 6.1 5.7 7.2 5.8 Spernall 2.2 2.8 3.7 3.6 1.6 3.2 Stock & Bradley 7.6 6.0 5.2 4.2 4.2 6.2 9.3 Temple Grafton 7.7 6.6 * See footnote for explanation 43 41 Figures for Billesley were not available for 1676. In order to obtain an overall figure for this zone’s population in 1676 (used in Table 3.14 and 3.15) an estimate was used for Billesley of between 10 and 15. The number of households in the 1670 Hearth Tax (where known) are as follows: Arrow (with Oversley) 60, Aston Cantlow 105, Exhall 15, Great Alne 53, Haselor 58, Kinwarton 14, Morton Bagot 40, Spernall 16, Temple Grafton 47, Wixford 23. 42 For each parish the figure c. 1780 is from the number of families in Ransome ‘The State of the Bishopric of Worcester’ multiplied by 4 and 5 respectively. Inkberrow had 889 inhabitants and 215 families, Bradley had 124 inhabitants and 28 families. According to Eden, The State of the Poor, pp. 803-804, (http://find.galegroup.com/ecco, 3.30 p.m., 22 Feb. 2010), in 1761 Inkberrow had 214 families and 947 inhabitants, in 1770 215 families and 889 souls (as in Ransome), and 300 families returned to Bishop North in 1776. Inkberrow’s population was thought to have grown further to 1795, as confirmed in Table 3.10. 43 1675 figures for Aston Cantlow are based on 1677, for Inkberrow on 1680 and for Oldberrow on 1679. Kinwarton’s figures before 1760 probably also include Great Alne. Exhall’s parish register also contains Wixford. The 1780 figure for Exhall is actually based on 1781. The first available figure for Billesley is based on 1822 not 1810. 60
The baptism numbers in Table 3.9 confirm the uneven growth or stagnation in most parishes between the 1670s and 1780s. The baptism numbers for four parishes decrease between 1780 and 1810, but for most this appears to be a time of growth. Although Table 3.8 shows little or no growth for Inkberrow between 1676 and 1780, the baptism figures from 1780 to 1810 suggest greater growth than for many villages. This may be explained by the spread of needlemakers into the outskirts of the parish at this time. Table 3.10 Population totals for Zone C, The Central (Wood-pasture) Belt from censuses 1801-1861 Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 Abbots Morton 191 231 236 233 234 235 245 Arrow 245 218 290 287 301 308 295 Oversley 143 188 211 179 242 337 295 Arrow & Oversley 388 406 501 466 543 645 590 Aston Cantlow 721 744 877 940 1089 1111 1055 Billesley 27 31 26 24 31 41 35 Binton 217 207 232 277 269 219 230 Dormston 85 87 113 157 115 109 97 Exhall 129 167 209 241 207 208 203 Gt Alne 290 254 317 343 404 391 347 Haselor 306 346 387 349 360 380 355 Inkberrow 1335 1489 1667 1734 1809 1711 1573 Kington 110 134 148 153 151 153 172 Kinwarton 26 45 41 40 67 79 64 Morton Bagot 194 155 168 170 170 150 139 Oldberrow 113 120 102 65 63 56 52 Rous Lench 231 235 258 251 280 277 306 Spernall 90 91 113 95 107 106 91 Stock & Bradley 181 227 208 236 251 208 310 Temple Grafton 216 254 336 374 401 403 403 Wixford 116 105 110 108 121 117 123 Zone C, Central (Wood-pasture) Belt 4966 5328 6049 6256 6672 6599 6390 From 1780 to 1801 the zone’s population grew. It then increased by some 34.4% between 1801 and 1841 before declining again. Apart from Morton Bagot and 61
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DIFFERING RESPONSES TO AN INDUSTRIA
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This is a study of male occupationa
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Acknowledgements I would like to ac
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Appendix 11 Comparison of adult mal
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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION: THE AIMS,
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area to complement that found by th
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Although the precise meaning behind
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also describes the sources and meth
Page 17 and 18: of the poor and lists of parish app
Page 19 and 20: Probate records Although probate re
Page 21 and 22: and harvested by cutting, whereas f
Page 23 and 24: about the family and businesses of
Page 25 and 26: allowing comparison between the dif
Page 27 and 28: the ratio of agricultural to non-ag
Page 29 and 30: multiple occupations is also incons
Page 31 and 32: Appendix 23. 52 These documents rec
Page 33 and 34: surveying occupations in the Needle
Page 35 and 36: and periods therefore have to be tr
Page 37 and 38: enjoying its status as a market tow
Page 39 and 40: was of course very similar to that
Page 41 and 42: Buchanan has shown that to a large
Page 43 and 44: industry. 80 Some of these factors
Page 45 and 46: Yelling has shown that in both the
Page 47 and 48: osy picture than Rowlands of the me
Page 49 and 50: other regions, for instance Manches
Page 51 and 52: marriage and larger families, but p
Page 53 and 54: of women and children in the econom
Page 55 and 56: sources often favoured by the wealt
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.1 Population of Whole Study
Page 59 and 60: Between 1751 and 1801 the populatio
Page 61 and 62: Alcester fared particularly badly i
Page 63 and 64: Taking a mean average figure of app
Page 65 and 66: sound. 34 The figures circa 1780 fo
Page 67: person to every acre and by 1841 0.
Page 71 and 72: shown in Table 3.11. 47 The apparen
Page 73 and 74: y a further 136.7% to 1841. 52 Othe
Page 75 and 76: Table 3.15 Population densities 167
Page 77 and 78: seventeenth to the nineteenth centu
Page 79 and 80: sources such as smaller population
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.2 Males in probate in speci
Page 83 and 84: the mid-eighteenth century, and mos
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.7 Occupational structure in
Page 87 and 88: For comparative purposes data from
Page 89 and 90: In comparison with probate data the
Page 91 and 92: ways by different townsfolk: to gra
Page 93 and 94: gained currency in non-legal parlan
Page 95 and 96: In Period A glaziers benefited from
Page 97 and 98: the knitters, other occupations in
Page 99 and 100: dyers. 83 Some Alcester weavers may
Page 101 and 102: ‘to learn the art and mystery of
Page 103 and 104: thereof must have gone out of fashi
Page 105 and 106: apparent. 119 If they were added to
Page 107 and 108: town. 130 Although in Period C the
Page 109 and 110: UBD contains no glovers, but one fe
Page 111 and 112: making malt, while the Harris famil
Page 113 and 114: served as a juror and occupied his
Page 115 and 116: Throughout the study period Alceste
Page 117 and 118: their shop near Alcester church. No
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apprenticeship in Alcester’s gunm
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spreading fast, profitability was n
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ironmongers in 1835 was female. 216
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earlier times, by the 1790s coaches
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source of income for the court leet
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apparently increased through the st
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The only brewer described as such i
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was also a haberdasher, his mother
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in the first half of the nineteenth
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grammar school, directories now lis
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Lord Brooke of Warwick’s parliame
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credit furnished by gentlemen and g
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for actors), baptised children in A
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More hidden was the part played by
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CHAPTER FIVE ZONE B: THE SOUTHERN (
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Table 5.1 Male occupational structu
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In Table 5.3 marriage licence data
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Table 5.8 Occupational structure in
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Gloucestershire ‘Men and Armour
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air wholesome and healthful. The so
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less flexibility for labourers, so
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labour and access to commons to eke
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Extractive industries and building
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together the 1841 census has a figu
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Textiles, clothing and paper Ramsay
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vulnerable to slumps in the market.
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wool-carder and wool-spinner. In th
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manufacture include mantua-makers,
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often well-connected compared to ot
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Over the two centuries a couple of
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formed part of an increasing consum
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Although the numbers involved in tr
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Some of Bidford’s inns had wharve
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category we find Richard Rawlins, m
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In Victorian times perukemakers and
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struggled as a market centre, Bidfo
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Before the censuses the many domest
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The Avon was always important for t
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the mid-nineteenth century. 6 Possi
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could have been ripe for industrial
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comparative revival in Period D. Th
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Page 205 and 206:
The 1841 census has lower figures f
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Table 6.9b Occupational structure i
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Agriculture The soil in the west of
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opportunities for casual work in th
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In Period D other occupations assoc
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ooms and a buttery and cheese-chamb
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etween quarrying and non-quarrying
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involved in textile or paper sector
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are low. As well as farming, weaver
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The flax-dresser on the Ridgeway at
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fathers in Period D. The 1841 censu
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Chandlers were never abundant in th
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underwoods on their property, proba
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Among the wealthier blacksmiths was
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local market was sufficient to make
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with other occupations. 166 Thomas
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something of a novelty in these par
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Larger villages served as entrepots
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apothecaries and midwives before 18
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Baptism registers (1813-1840) place
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In Period C although quarrying and
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CHAPTER SEVEN ZONE D: THE NORTHERN
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when there were 3314 inhabitants. A
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Table 7.4 Bridegrooms from marriage
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different nature of the two towns.
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Between 1680 and 1780 the parish re
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Table 7.11 Male occupational struct
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Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Information from Coughton burial re
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Page 269 and 270:
In investigating the bias between s
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mere two. The patterns shown in the
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pigs and considerable cheese produc
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Extractive and building industries
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glaziers working in churches and pu
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a poor journeyman tailor whose only
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Feckenham Forest. In turn they rece
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as well as his own. 119 In 1798 a b
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who continued to be a particularly
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tanners were amongst the most afflu
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gentleman, who served as high const
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seems to die out with them although
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wheelwrights also turned their hand
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Maybe labourers or woodmen undertoo
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Hemming family in Studley, which co
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in the Feckenham Forest. It was che
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distances to find employment. 220 T
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Stourbridge wire-drawers. 228 None
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Needlemakers. A dozen local needler
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eveal two other pin-makers in Tarde
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during this period, the largest gro
Page 311 and 312:
Those attracted into the industry w
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operated in their cottages largely
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Fairfax, who was paid by Feckenham
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approval from the workers, who fear
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and Warwickshire carriers, includin
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A Studley man, the unfortunately na
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After the completion of The Worcest
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‘proprietor of the gasworks’. 3
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meetings and dinners. 342 Throughou
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Ipsley was described as an oat-mill
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smithy. 362 His mercery shop must h
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Among the clothing and cloth retail
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a handful of such men. 384 Probate
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Before 1800 local records contain f
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various denominations, book-keeper,
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domestic servants’ jobs are speci
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the local needle trade in the eight
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igger population, but at this stage
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significant presence of needlemaker
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Innkeepers, retailers, dealers and
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The source in Table 8.5 is more com
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Table 8.8 shows that proportionally
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Throughout the study period the und
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inventories cease, it is more diffi
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your new shoes from the village cor
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Table 8.11 Number of different male
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Table 8.13 Number of different male
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(66) had more occupations than othe
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Table 8.18 Comparison of three pari
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Wealth, status and mobility The sco
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This crude ranking approximates to
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General conclusions In this chapter
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the study area’s needle masters l
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In looking at the wider picture we
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Upton-upon-Severn 19 SW, Tewkesbury
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and keuper marl. Enclosure award 17
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‘Rich soil abundantly fertile in
Page 385 and 386:
manor before 1743. Aston Cantlow ha
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Worcester diocese; middle division
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Throckmortons. Much depopulation be
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Feckenham - a very large parish of
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separate parish register from the l
Page 396 and 397:
Appendix 2: Occupational descriptor
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Textile, clothing and paper: Male:
Page 400 and 401:
Transport: Male: railway worker, to
Page 402 and 403:
Agriculture without labourers Labou
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Appendix 4: Occupational informatio
Page 406 and 407:
Appendix 7 continued: 1831 census:
Page 408 and 409:
Appendix 8: Harvington Collection u
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Appendix 10: Bidford: Male occupati
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sectors which increased their share
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Markets surrounding the study area
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Beoley Wake: Sunday following Old S
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Appendix 14: Carrying network Below
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Appendix 15:Turnpike Roads and Coac
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1830 Pigot’s Birmingham and Worce
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Appendix 17: Water-mills and Windmi
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Appendix 19: Parishes with schools
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Needlemakers and associated trades
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Appendix 22: Multiple occupations T
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Metal Blacksmith - whitesmith, PO,
Page 437 and 438:
stand out as particularly numerous.
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Appendix 23b Occupational structure
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Appendix 24 : Land tax returns 1798
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Appendix 24d: Zone D, The Northern
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Appendix 26: Comparison of occupati
Page 447 and 448:
Table 7 Occupational structure (pri
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Sources and Bibliography Primary So
Page 451 and 452:
Trade directories consulted 1767 Sk
Page 453 and 454:
Worcester Post or Western Journal W
Page 455 and 456:
Warwickshire County Record Office (
Page 457 and 458:
BA3586, Feckenham apprentice record
Page 459 and 460:
Levine, D., and Wrightson, K., The
Page 461 and 462:
Stobart, J., The First Industrial R
Page 463 and 464:
Smith, C., ‘Population growth and
Page 465 and 466:
Jones, P. M., Industrial Enlightenm
Page 467 and 468:
Buchanan, K., ‘Studies in the loc
Page 469 and 470:
Websites www.a2a.org.uk Access to A
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