Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV

Participants were requested to press with one of their fingers on the touch
screen the location of the acute threat as soon as they had detected the
immanent hazard. The reaction time was measured. The assumption was
that the reaction times of experienced drivers would be shorter than the
reaction times of novice drivers, as domain specific knowledge speeds up the
reaction time in change detection flicker paradigm tasks. The results were in
the opposite direction of the hypothesis. The reaction times of novice drivers
were significantly shorter than the reaction times of experienced drivers. It
could be that the hazards were so obvious (i.e. immanent) that it was equally
easy to detect these hazards for young novice drivers and older, more
experienced drivers. As young people have shorter reaction times in general,
the young novice drivers had shorter reaction times on this task than older,
more experienced drivers. It would be of interest to test if the reaction times
are in the expected directions when instead of immanent hazards, latent
hazards are used.
4.1.4. Suitable tasks for testing the hypotheses
In order to test the first and the third hypothesis, a hazard anticipation test is
required that measures performance of which can be inferred if participants
have detected and recognized overt latent hazards and covert latent hazards.
Of all the discussed methods in Section 4.1.3, only the method applied by
Jackson et al. (2009) in which participants had to predict what could happen
next, is suitable to measure if participants have detected and recognized not
only overt latent hazards but also covert latent hazards. When the video clip
has stopped and the screen has turned black, participants can mention that
for instance from behind the lorry that blocks the view a vehicle may emerge
on collision course (covert latent hazard) and they can for instance also
mention that a visible pedestrian on the pavement may suddenly cross the
road in order to catch the bus (overt latent hazard). If the eye movements are
measured before a video clip stops it is also possible to measure if
participants have looked in the direction of covert latent hazards or overt
latent hazards they have mentioned. Are there for instance differences
between young novice drivers and older, more experienced novice drivers in
anticipatory eye glances and verbal responses about what could happen
next?
The task with photographs (safe, potentially hazardous and hazardous) that
Kelly et al. (2010) and Huestegge et al. (2010) have applied, seems to be the
most promising to measure the emotional aspect of hazard anticipation.
Detection of (latent) hazards on photographs appeared to be relatively easy
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