Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV

eliability. In this chapter, therefore a variant of the hazard detection and
recognition task is explored in which participants have to click with their
mouse on overt latent hazards and covert latent hazards. This is to say that
looking at someone who could start acting dangerously and looking in a
particular direction from where a road user on collision course may appear,
is replaced by pointing and clicking with a mouse at someone and pointing
and clicking in a direction from where a road user may appear.
In contrast to the hazard detection and recognition task, the risk
assessment and action selection task applied in Chapter 4, is a task with a
response method that is suitable for incorporation in the theory test if all the
psychometric criteria are met. The only difference between the type of task in
Chapter 4 and the type of task presented in this chapter, is that participants
had to respond within the time the photograph was exposed on the screen
and not after the exposure of a photograph.
Although for both tasks in Chapter 4 the difference between learner
drivers and experienced drivers was statistically significant, the hazard
detection and recognition task was considerably better in discriminating
learner drivers from experienced drivers than the risk assessment and action
selection task. The results presented in Chapter 4 further indicated that the
two tasks probably do not measure different aspects of hazard anticipation
(the cognitive aspect and the emotional and motivational aspect), but rather
one. Largely, this aspect appeared to be the cognitive aspect of hazard
anticipation. Because of these results, more neutral names are used in this
chapter for the practical version of the hazard detection and recognition task
and the practical version of risk assessment and action selection task. In this
chapter, the practical variant of the hazard detection and recognition task is
named the video task and the practical variant of the risk assessment and
action selection task is named the photo task.
An important criterion for a test is its concurrent validity. An indication
for the concurrent validity of the tasks would be if participants with a high
crash rate have lower scores on both the video task and the photo task than
participants with a low crash rates. In the experiments presented in Chapter
4, it is demonstrated that on both tasks learner drivers had significantly
lower scores than experienced drivers. This fact is an indication for the
convergent validity of the two tasks, as in general experienced drivers have a
lower crash rate than novice drivers. The question is whether the practical
versions of the two tasks also have convergent validity. In this chapter,
concurrent validity is examined by means of self-reported crashes. The
hypotheses are:
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