Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV

fixated covert latent hazards and totalling all the fixated overt latent hazards.
Cronbach's alpha of the composed variable on fixated covert latent hazards
was not acceptable (α = .56) and the Cronbach's alpha of the composed
variable on fixated overt latent hazards was not acceptable either (α = .44).
Despite these low internal consistencies, one scale was made because of the
exploratory character of the study and in order to compare the fixations at
hazards with the mentioned hazards. Figure 4.6 shows the mean percentages
of fixations on covert latent hazards and fixations on overt latent hazards per
group.
100
90
Mean percentage fixated covert latent hazards
Mean percentage fixated overt latent hazards
80
70
Percentage
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Young learner drivers Older learner drivers Experienced drivers
Figure 4.6. Mean percentage of fixated covert latent hazards and mean percentage of
fixated overt latent hazards per group. Error bars indicate +/- 1 standard error.
On average, young novice drivers made at least one fixation in the direction
of a covert latent hazards within the timeframe of that latent hazards in
54.4% (SE = 4.2) of the six situations with covert hazards. This percentage
was 64.4 (SE = 4.7) for older novice drivers and 86.7 (SE = 4.1) for experienced
drivers. ANOVA demonstrated significant differences between the three
groups with a large effect size, F(2,51) = 16.07, p < .001, η 2 P
= .39. Post hoc
Bonferroni tests showed that young learner drivers differed significantly
from experienced drivers (p < .001) and older learner drivers differed
significantly from experienced drivers (p < .01), but young learner drivers did
not differ from older learner drivers (p = .35). With regard to covert latent
hazards, these results are in support of hypotheses 1 and 2 in Section 4.1.8
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