Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV

6.2.3. Training intervention
SimRAPT began with a familiarization drive of about 5 min. After this drive
the training session started. The training consisted of ten scenarios: seven
hazard anticipation scenarios with common latent hazards and three
scenarios without any high-priority hazards. Of the seven latent hazard
scenarios, six were covert latent hazards and one was a precursor of a hazard
(see Section 3.2). It took about 1 min to drive through a scenario. There were
three versions of each hazard anticipation scenario:
1. Hazard detection drive. In this drive the possible hazards did not
materialize;
2. Error drive. This drive was the same as the hazard detection drive, except
that this time the hazard materialized aggressively;
3. Improvement drive. This drive was the same as the error drive, but with
the latent hazard manifesting itself less aggressively.
Directly after a hazard detection drive the participant was asked: “Did you
have a moment where you thought: "Whew, I hope that something will not
happen? If so, what is it you worried about?" No feedback was provided,
regardless the response. Thereafter participants drove the error drive of that
scenario. Whether this drive ended up in a crash or in a near crash, in all
cases after the error drive an instruction video was projected on the centre
screen of the simulator. In this video a plan view of the scenario was
presented in which the movements of road users and fields-of-view were
animated. A voiceover explained what had happened, why it had happened
and in what similar kind of scenarios this could have happened. The next
phase in the instruction video was a clip that explained to participants the
appropriate gaze directions in the present scenario. After this, the plan view
reappeared on the screen and participants had to point with a laser pointer to
where the hazard would be located before it became visible, the direction in
which the participant should have looked in order to see the hazard as early
as possible and at which point in time the participant should have slowed
down in order to enlarge her or his safety margin. After the instruction
video, participants drove the improvement drive. Hereafter the cycle started
anew with the next hazard anticipation scenario. In order to discourage
hyper-vigilance during the training, three scenarios were included in the
training that did not contain any high-priority hazard. A summary of
scenarios trained in SimRAPT can be found in Table 6.1.
209