Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV

and older learner drivers. From the difference in fixated overt latent hazards
and mentioned overt latent hazards can be inferred that fixations overt latent
hazards not necessarily imply that these hazards are recognized. In contrast
to what was expected, older learner drivers did not have a significantly
lower risk score on the risk assessment and action selection task than young
learner drivers, but experienced drivers had a lower risk score on this task
than young learner drivers. Statistical analysis revealed that the risk
assessment and action selection task probably did not measure risk
acceptance, but rather the same aspect of hazard perception that was
measured by the hazard detection and recognition task, only not as good.
The results indicate that the cognitive aspect of hazard anticipation most
probably improve with experience. No evidence was found that the
emotional and motivational aspect of hazard anticipation improves with age.
However, the hypothesis that the emotional and motivational aspect of
hazard anticipation predominantly improves with age cannot be rejected
based on the results of this study, as this aspect of hazard anticipation most
probably was not operationalized properly by the risk assessment and action
selection task.
Chapter 5 is on testing of hazard anticipation. In Chapter 4 hazard detection
and recognition was measured using recorded eye fixations and recorded
answers on open questions. This method is not suitable for mass testing. A
variant of the hazard detection task was developed in which participants
instead of fixating on overt latent and covert latent hazards in video clips,
could point and click with their mouse on overt latent hazards and covert
latent hazards. A different set of video clips was used than the video clips
that were used in Chapter 4. As pointing and clicking with a mouse takes
much more time than a saccade, the video clips were paused a couple of
times per clip during five seconds to allow for pointing and clicking. The
hazard assessment and action selection task was also slightly adapted. A
different set of photographs was used and the task was made self-paced.
Instead of responding orally after a photograph had been exposed for eight
seconds and the screen had turned black, participants now could press on
three keys (a key for 'brake', a key for 'release throttle' and a key for 'keep
speed as it is') during the eight seconds the photograph was exposed on the
screen. As the results of Chapter 4 indicated that the hazard detection and
recognition task and the risk assessment and action selection task did not
measure two distinct aspects of hazard anticipation, the hazard detection and
recognition task was named more neutrally the 'video task' and the risk
assessment and action selection task was named more neutrally the 'photo
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