Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV

situations with overt latent hazards. This means that both young novice
drivers and older novice drivers relatively often looked at other road users
that could start to act dangerously, but did not consider these other road
users as potentially dangerous enough to mention them. It could be that
fixations on other road users were more often the result of bottom-up
processes and top-down processes not related to hazard detection than topdown
processes related to hazard perception for both young learner drivers
and older learner drivers than for experienced drivers. This is in support of
hypothesis 6 in Section 4.1.8 that novice drivers (both young and older) more
often fixate overt latent hazards without having recognized and predicted
the overt latent hazard than experienced drivers do (see for a discussion
about this topic the next sub-section). Note also that in around 5% of the
cases the latent hazard, was mentioned but not fixated. According to
Knudsen’s functional attention model (2007), fixations on a latent hazard are
not always necessary to recognize a latent hazard. The possibility of
recognizing a latent hazard without explicitly having fixated it is represented
in Figure 4.1 of Section 4.1.6 by the black arrow that goes straight from
working memory to sensitivity control. It could also be that when asked to
think about what had happened in the video clip after they have watched it,
participants may realize there was a latent hazard they did not detect (i.e. did
not fixate) and recognized while they watched the video clip.
There was a significant relationship between the number of fixated covert
latent hazards and the number of mentioned covert latent hazard, r = .44, p <
.01. The relationships were almost the same for novice learner drivers, older
learner drivers and experienced drivers. There was also a significant
relationship between the number of fixated overt latent hazards and the
mentioned overt latent hazards, r = .42, p < .01. This relationship was stronger
for young learner drivers (r = .48) than for older learner drivers (r = .24) and
experienced drivers (r = .20). The relatively high percentages of the category
'fixated, but not mentioned' in Table 4.3 probably explains that the
correlations between fixated latent hazards and mentioned latent hazards
were not higher.
When the results presented in Table 4.1 (percentages fixated latent hazards)
are compared with the results presented in Table 4.2 (percentages mentioned
latent hazards), it turns out that young learner drivers and older learner
drivers in all situations (both covert and overt) more often fixated latent
hazards than mentioned latent hazards. For experienced drivers in none of
the situations with covert latent hazards the percentage mentioned covert
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