Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV
Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV
Hazard anticipation of young novice drivers - SWOV
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fixations and the total duration <strong>of</strong> the fixations in the rear-view mirror, only<br />
the differences between <strong>young</strong> learner <strong>drivers</strong> and experienced <strong>drivers</strong> were<br />
significant (p < .01). In none <strong>of</strong> the twenty-five photographs, a hazard was<br />
visible in the rear-view mirror. Experienced <strong>drivers</strong> possibly needed less<br />
time to conclude what the consequences were <strong>of</strong> what is visible in the rearview<br />
mirror than <strong>young</strong> learner <strong>drivers</strong> did.<br />
ANOVA showed that neither the number <strong>of</strong> fixations nor the total<br />
duration <strong>of</strong> the fixations on the speedometer differed between the groups.<br />
The results respectively were: F(2,56) = 1.06, p = .35 and F(2,56) = 0.51, p = .60.<br />
Relationship between eye movements and risk score<br />
A stepwise regression analysis was performed with the risk score as the<br />
dependent variable and as predictors: the number <strong>of</strong> fixations on covert<br />
latent hazards, total fixation duration on covert latent hazard, number <strong>of</strong><br />
fixations on overt hazards, total duration <strong>of</strong> fixations on overt hazards,<br />
number <strong>of</strong> fixations in rear-view mirror, total duration <strong>of</strong> fixations in rearview<br />
mirror, the number <strong>of</strong> fixations on the speedometer and the total<br />
duration <strong>of</strong> the fixations on the speedometer. Only the number <strong>of</strong> fixations<br />
on covert latent hazards was included in the model, B = -0.07, SE B = 0.03,<br />
standardized β = -.29, p < .01. The more fixations on covert latent hazards the<br />
lower the risk score was. The variation in the risk score the number <strong>of</strong><br />
fixations on covert latent hazards accounted for was however modest, R 2 =<br />
.08.<br />
Gender<br />
The group <strong>of</strong> <strong>young</strong> learner <strong>drivers</strong> was combined with the group <strong>of</strong> older<br />
learner <strong>drivers</strong> in order to create a sample <strong>of</strong> learner <strong>drivers</strong> that was large<br />
enough to disaggregate by gender. On average female learner <strong>drivers</strong> had a<br />
risk score on the risk assessment and action selection task <strong>of</strong> 3.5 (SE = 0.8)<br />
and male <strong>novice</strong> <strong>drivers</strong> a score <strong>of</strong> 3.2 (SE = 0.8). The difference was not<br />
significant, t (49) = 0.26, p = .80. Based on the literature presented in Section<br />
2.3.2 on biological gender differences and risk acceptance, one would expect<br />
that if the risk assessment and action selection task measures the emotional<br />
and motivational aspect <strong>of</strong> hazard <strong>anticipation</strong>, the risk scores are lower for<br />
females than for males. This was not the case and the results are an<br />
indication that the risk assessment and action selection task may not have<br />
measured what it was supposed to measure.<br />
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