The Future of Smallholder Farming in Eastern Africa - Uganda ...

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Olsen, W. 1984. Kenya’s dual market: The effects of state intervention. Institute of Development Studies, University of Nairobi, draft paper. Omamo, S. W. 1994. The impact of agricultural marketing reform on mixed farms in southern Siaya District, Kenya. In Proceedings of the Conference on Market Reforms, Agricultural Production and Food Security. Sponsored by U.S. Agency for International Development, Kenya Market Development Project, Nairobi, June 1994. Policy Analysis Matrix , Egerton University. Sasaki, N. 1995. Maize market liberalization, seasonal price and private sector storage. In Proceedings of the Conference on Towards 2000: Improving Agricultural Performance. Sponsored by U.S. Agency for International Development, Kenya Market Development Project, Nairobi. June 1995. Policy Analysis Matrix , Egerton University. Schmidt, G. 1979. Maize and beans marketing in Kenya: The effectiveness and interaction of the formal and informal systems. Occasional Paper No. 31. Nairobi: Institute of Development Studies, University of Nairobi. Shaffer, J. D., M. R. Weber, H. Riley, and J. M. Staatz. 1985. Designing marketing systems to promote development in Third World countries. Proceedings of an International Workshop on Agricultural Markets in the Semi-Arid Tropics held at ICRISAT Centre, Pantacheru, India. International Centre for research in Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Pantacheru, India. Technoserve. 1999. Proceedings of an Open Forum Discussion on Grain Marketing in Kenya held at the Grand Regency Hotel, Nairobi on January 28, 1999 Thimm, H. U. 1993. Linkages of rural infrastructure to food security. In Regional food security and rural infrastructure, Vol. 2I, ed. H. U. Thimm and H. Hahn. Hamburg: Lit Verlag Munster. Tyler, P. S., and C. J. Bennett. 1993. Grain market liberalization in Southern Africa: Opportunities for support to the small-scale sector. NRI Report. Chatham, U.K.: Natural Resources Institute. World Bank. 1990. Kenya: Food and nutrition policy. Nairobi.
Figure 1 Maize surplus and deficit districts of Kenya Maize surplus and deficit districts of Kenya 5 00 N 4 00 N MANDERA TURKANA 3 00 N MOYALE MARS ABIT 2 00 N WA JIR W. P OK OT SAMBURU 1 00 N TRANS-NZOIA MARAKWET ISI OLO MT. EL GON NANDI BARINGO BUNGOMA MAL AV A/ LUGAR TESO 0 KE IY O BUTE RE /M UMIA BUS IA KAKAMEGA SIAYA UASI N GIS HU KOI BATEK VIHI GA LAIKIPIA C. M ERU N. M ERU GARISSA 0 00 KI SUMU BONDO NYANDO KERICHO L.Victoria BURET RACHUONYO NY AM IRA SUBA KI SI I HOM A BAY GUCHA BOM ET MIGORI THARAKA NYANDARUA S. ME RU NY ERI EMBU NAKURU KIRINYAGA MURANGA MBEE RE MWINGI MARAGWA 1 00 S KURIA TRANSMARA NAROK KI AM BU THI KA NAIROBI MACHAKOS TANA RIVER IJARA 2 00 S KAJIADO MAKUENI KI TUI LAMU 3 00 S MALINDI LEGEND Major deficit districts Minor deficit districts Major surplus districts Minor surplus districts TAITA TAVETA KWALE KI LIF I MOMBASA 4 00 S 34 0 0E 35 0 0E 36 0 0E 37 00E 38 00E 39 00E 40 00E 41 00E 5 00 S 42 00E 40 0 40 80 120 Mil es Source: GIS analysis, 2001
Page 1 and 2:
Part One - Agricultural Productivit
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I. Introduction Agricultural Produc
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came about from expansion of cultiv
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study, therefore, limited itself to
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Land allocation and yields of 12 cr
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Table 6: Key economic variables for
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local seed in absolute terms and th
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Table 11: Crosscutting priority con
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Table 13: General constraints to ma
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These results clearly demonstrate t
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Table 18: Crosscutting constraints
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V. Policy Implications The findings
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References Appleton, Simon (2001).
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1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction Low
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egins with a summary of the literat
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Source: National Wetlands Conservat
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shillings (§37-38). Every landowne
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Similarly, Howard (1995) used socia
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Uganda may well have more than a qu
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factors that explain household leve
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of inputs 18 , pests and diseases,
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(PMA p. 27). It also requires impro
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agriculturalists, who still do not
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to have covered 30,000 ha. During t
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4.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The breadt
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• What is the current extent of w
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Figure 2. Changes in Sources of Com
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Figure 5. Proportion of Households
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estimates are remarkably consistent
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FSI - Percentage by District Distri
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was corrected using the White-Huber
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utilization for the household. Howe
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The nature of the structures to con
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impact of irrigation on horticultur
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growing population. Wetland protect
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APPENDICES Appendix 1. The Wetlands
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Appendix 2. THE 5V’s PRIORITY CLA
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Appendix 5. Determinants of Product
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Estimated covariances = 79 Number o
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International Food Policy Research
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Scherr, Sara J., 1999b. Poverty-env
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Land Tenure, Agricultural Productiv
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1.3 Statement of the problem Land s
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In order to achieve these objective
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densely populated Nyeri and Kakameg
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Figure 3: Conceptual Model Type of
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Figure 4: Location of the Study Dis
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By 2001, land demarcation and regis
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3.4 Survey Design The survey was un
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3.5.3 Model of Environmental Degrad
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questionnaire (Figure 8). Prominent
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Figure 10: Availability of hired la
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Figure 13 shows the level of cultiv
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joint significance test on the 4 dr
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Table 8: Regression Results on Maiz
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was classified into three categorie
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Table 9: Tobit Analysis with Enviro
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5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICAT
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5.5 Access to Market A number of fa
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FAO (2003b). “Women and Food Secu
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Omiti John and Paul Obunde (2002).
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Annex 1: Pearson Correlation Coeffi
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SEXHH SEXLUSER TSECUR VEGCP1 CHILDE
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Part two - Agricultural Markets
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Market Liberalisation and Agricultu
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farms show annual fluctuations, wit
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Figure 2: Recent trends in domestic
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5. The Model The interest of this s
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sources for each sector. α IM ji a
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Savings Households’ savings are a
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The value-added price is defined th
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Specifically, the Government polici
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Table 5: Calculated Tariff Rates (%
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disincentive to farmers. Inability
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competitiveness. The second one is
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Table 7: Wage Rates and Labour Inco
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Similar simulation is undertaken in
Page 155 and 156:
References Block, S. and C.P. Timme
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Tyler, G. J. and Akinboade, O. 1992
Page 159 and 160: (A.10) ai ∑ P ϖ P i=1,...,3; j =
Page 161 and 162: (A.32) price (A.33) P Q = P ( 1+ td
Page 163 and 164: Table A.2: Variables of KEGEM Varia
Page 165 and 166: VA A i Efficiency parameter in valu
Page 167 and 168: CHAPTER FIVE Post-Liberalization Ma
Page 169 and 170: As alluded to earlier, initial agri
Page 171 and 172: directly to dairy farmers as animal
Page 173 and 174: to engage in this new role, the gov
Page 175 and 176: 2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Overal
Page 177 and 178: markets with minor gaps in data ser
Page 179 and 180: Price-series correlations are conve
Page 181 and 182: Migori Awendo Postliberalization 1,
Page 183 and 184: model depends on whether or not the
Page 185 and 186: Table 6b--Unit root tests for price
Page 187 and 188: Table 8a--Unit root tests for OLS r
Page 189 and 190: 3.3 The Role of Infrastructure and
Page 191 and 192: Table 13--Reported distances from t
Page 193 and 194: Table 15--Reported maize storage pr
Page 195 and 196: Table 17--Traders’ perception of
Page 197 and 198: 3.3.6.2 Awareness of the Liberaliza
Page 199 and 200: Retailer (open-air market) 21 13 7
Page 201 and 202: 3.4 Maize Marketing Costs Traders w
Page 203 and 204: 3.4.4 License and Market Fees Accor
Page 205 and 206: 5.Develop farmers’ and traders’
Page 207 and 208: Coulter, J., and J. A. F. Compton.
Page 209: Meilink, A. H. 1987. Food consumpti
Page 213 and 214: Figure 3 Trends in Maize Prices 199
Page 215 and 216: Price per 90kg bag (Kshs) Mbeere Di
Page 217 and 218: Figure 4 Modes of transporting maiz
Page 219 and 220: Figure 6: Limitations to storage ca
Page 221 and 222: Figure 8: Problems experienced in a
Page 223 and 224: CHAPTER SIX Grain Marketing in Addi
Page 225 and 226: A third, related explanation argues
Page 227 and 228: educed marketing costs related to p
Page 229 and 230: 1.4. Research questions This study
Page 231 and 232: 1.6. Organization of the report Thi
Page 233 and 234: the cases, respectively (Table 2.4)
Page 235 and 236: Brokers believe that most regional
Page 237 and 238: There is also a close relationship
Page 239 and 240: Table 2.14: Buyers’ methods for i
Page 241 and 242: Source: Survey, 2002. Table 2.18: D
Page 243 and 244: Table 2.22: Method used to grade di
Page 245 and 246: Table 2.25: Access to credit broker
Page 247 and 248: It has been reported that grain pur
Page 249 and 250: 3. GRAIN RETAILERS Retailers serve
Page 251 and 252: Like brokers, retailers use cash or
Page 253 and 254: Table 3.11: Buyers’ information a
Page 255 and 256: Table 3.14: Retailers’ views of g
Page 257 and 258: Getting reliable price information
Page 259 and 260: Table 4.4: How do you set a sales p
Page 261 and 262:
Table 4.7: Means of settling disput
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a.m. The survey included wholesale
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Table 5.3: Instability index of dai
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Table 5.7: Seasonality index of who
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Figure 5.3: Ratio of wholesale to r
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Table 5.8: Results of stationary te
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Table 5.10: Summary of Granger caus
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holiday sales. The results of the r
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Table 6.1: Storage capacity of the
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Intermarket grain flow is coordinat
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• a legal, regulatory, and enforc
Page 283 and 284:
REFERENCES Al-Hassen, R., A. Dorwar
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Seppala, P. 1998. Decisive liberali
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achieve some welfare objective. The
Page 289 and 290:
Annex Table 2.10: Have you faced di
Page 291 and 292:
Annex Table 2.21: Do you consider p
Page 293 and 294:
Annex Table 3.3: Cost structure of
Page 295 and 296:
Annex Table 4.2: Complementary acti
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CHAPTER SEVEN Post-Harvest Grain Ma
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only (see Abebe 2000: 80-83). That
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of processing as an important post-
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occur at all stages of post-harvest
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Endowment & access to Resources (e.
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Figure 2: The Study Areas (shaded a
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(6) β i = β 0 λ i , 0
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Intercrop differences Liquidity con
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eplace old animals (19 percent of h
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Table 5. Number and capacity of gra
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Table 7b.Estimated grain loss durin
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7.1.3. Grain Marketing Practices an
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1.8 Producers' price 1.6 1.4 1.2 1
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next season, grain prices tend to b
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Table 13: Regression results (Tobit
Page 327 and 328:
of grain production was reportedly
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instruments to mitigate price risks
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Coulter, J. and G. Onumah, (2002).
Page 333 and 334:
Appendix: Supplementary Tables Appe
Page 335 and 336:
CHAPTER EIGHT Collective Action in
Page 337 and 338:
The objectives of DRS were to popul
Page 339 and 340:
increasing participation. Thus, the
Page 341 and 342:
Table 2. Perceived change in benefi
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unsatisfactory (Table 8). Flaws in
Page 345 and 346:
Table 14. Measures of wealth status
Page 347 and 348:
Results from Regression Analysis Ta
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However, to maintain these benefits
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Table 18. Determinants of participa
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_______ 1981. Common property and c
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Management Regulations and Enforcem
Page 357 and 358:
In theory, under PFM, the governmen
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3.2 Desk study The desk study invol
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Table 1: Number and gender of indiv
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Poverty Increase in number of fishe
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Table 5: Responses given by various
Page 367 and 368:
wages after the catch is sold (see
Page 369 and 370:
70 60 No of respondents 50 40 30 20
Page 371 and 372:
4.2.3 Lack of attention to social i
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5.3 Regulate the construction of re
Page 375 and 376:
REFERENCES Allison, E. H., and P. M
Page 377 and 378:
APPENDIXES Appendix A: Districts of
Page 379 and 380:
Questions and responses Government
Page 381 and 382:
Questions and responses Lack of coo
Page 383 and 384:
CHAPTER TEN Animal Health Service D
Page 385 and 386:
• Individuals are selected for tr
Page 388 and 389:
Makueni district was selected becau
Page 390 and 391:
1.5 Justification of the study The
Page 392 and 393:
more sustainable (Leonard 1993; Uma
Page 394 and 395:
of defined roles for CBAHWs within
Page 396 and 397:
Interviews with veterinary officers
Page 398 and 399:
The estimated model was of the form
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Gender remains a sensitive issue. P
Page 402 and 403:
The most common ailments and diseas
Page 404 and 405:
4.3 Factors influencing the level o
Page 406 and 407:
Table 9 -- Factors influencing the
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Table 10 - Factors determining the
Page 410 and 411:
Table 12 -- Current mean numbers of
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Figure 4: Percentage of household h
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CBAHWs were the most utilized chann
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Users of veterinarians’ services
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Table 18 -- Levels of incomes and l
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higher average calving per cow, whi
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Table 21 -- CBAHWs’ ranking of sp
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epresentative of livestock keepers
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Despite the restriction imposed by
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veterinarians. Such associations co
Page 430 and 431:
References Akabwai, D., V. Shean, a
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Johnson, P. J., and C. Chahuares. 1
Page 434 and 435:
Appendix 1: The Logistic Procedure
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Social Capital and Sustainable Agri
Page 438 and 439:
1.1 Soil conservation programs and
Page 440 and 441:
1.3 Research Objectives and Hypothe
Page 442 and 443:
Institutional and Policy factors -
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land pressure is high (Holden 1991)
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include density of membership in gr
Page 448 and 449:
then summed up according to increas
Page 450 and 451:
Social capital, resource use, and a
Page 452 and 453:
Table 4.4 Farmers’ perception of
Page 454 and 455:
Table 4.5: Empowerment and politica
Page 456 and 457:
Table 4.8: Indicators of collective
Page 458 and 459:
Table 4.10: Comparison of means of
Page 460 and 461:
5. The influence of social capital
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especially when considered on an ad
Page 464 and 465:
households may pay less attention t
Page 466 and 467:
Table 5.3 Determinants of terracing
Page 468 and 469:
and Gichuki 1994). In the 1940s, th
Page 470 and 471:
Table 5.4. Determinants of soil con
Page 472 and 473:
5.3. Social capital, resource use,
Page 474 and 475:
6. Implications for policy and prog
Page 476 and 477:
essential for the formation of exte
Page 478 and 479:
BIBLIOGRPAHY Admassie, Y., L. I. Mw
Page 480 and 481:
Gambetta, D. 1988. Can we trust tru
Page 482 and 483:
Social capital and watershed develo
Page 484 and 485:
Obare, G. A., S. W. Omamo, and J. C
Page 486 and 487:
Washington D.C.: The World Bank Tem
Page 488 and 489:
Appendix: A list of Contributors Ab
Page 490 and 491:
Appendix: Projects Supported Under
Page 492:
IFPRI Eastern Africa Food Policy Ne
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