The Future of Smallholder Farming in Eastern Africa - Uganda ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CLASS V – VARIOUS WETLANDS • these either do not provide essential goods or services upon which many people depend or, they do provide such resources but these are so locally abundant that degradation or over-harvesting is unlikely in the foreseeable future; • they harbour no endangered, endemic or rare species, nor unique habitats; they represent the majority of the nations wetlands VICTOR wetlands are generally too big to be seriously threatened by wholesale drainage or permanent degradation by existing technology; this threat may however grow in future; these are! VICTIM wetlands are dispensable wetlands that could be ‘sacrificed’ or traded for other socioeconomic development uses e.g. agriculture or urban development; VANQUISHED wetlands are those that are either (1) totally converted to productive alternate uses e.g. dairy farming or irreversible urban development; these should remain converted: (2) those totally converted but not productively used; restoration should be applied where economically viable.
Appendix 5. Determinants of Productivity – Detailed Analysis Results Estimated covariances = 167 Number of obs = 187 115 Number of obs = 141 46 Number of obs = 54 Estimated autocorrelation = 0 Number of groups = 167 0 Number of groups = 115 0 Number of groups = 46 Estimated coefficients = 18 Obs per group: Min= 1 18 Obs per group: Min= 1 12 Obs per group: Min= 1 Avg = 1.245989 Avg = 1.397163 Avg = 1.296296 max = 3 max = 3 max = 2 Wald chi2 1116.39 Wald chi2 5938.43 Wald chi2 148.41 Log likelihood = -143.124 Pr > chi2 = 0 -114.224 Pr > chi2 = 0 -12.2101 Pr > chi2 = 0 Cassava Sweetpotato Groundnuts lnincacr Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| ss2 0.0308 0.0631 0.489 0.625 -0.7694 0.1461 -5.265 0.000 0.3671 0.0940 3.904 0.000 ss3 -0.4612 0.1708 -2.700 0.007 -0.6458 0.1596 -4.048 0.000 dropped due to collinearity ss4 -0.9388 0.6152 -1.526 0.127 -0.9014 0.2035 -4.431 0.000 dropped due to collinearity irrigatd 0.5961 0.1193 4.996 0.000 0.6908 0.0900 7.673 0.000 dropped due to collinearity logacres -0.1193 0.0272 -4.386 0.000 -0.2637 0.0733 -3.599 0.000 -0.4218 0.1028 -4.104 0.000 Family labour 0.2536 0.0311 8.143 0.000 0.1036 0.0505 2.053 0.040 -0.1222 0.1107 -1.105 0.269 Labour2 -0.0204 0.0027 -7.462 0.000 -0.0087 0.0041 -2.103 0.035 0.0183 0.0092 1.989 0.047 invest 0.0039 0.0005 7.295 0.000 0.0274 0.0013 21.054 0.000 0.0001 0.0030 0.018 0.985 dd1 0.5057 0.0977 5.174 0.000 -2.0411 0.4910 -4.157 0.000 dropped due to collinearity dd4 -0.4977 0.0804 -6.189 0.000 -0.9275 0.4099 -2.263 0.024 dropped due to collinearity dd5 -1.1300 0.1091 -10.354 0.000 -2.1219 0.4062 -5.223 0.000 dropped due to collinearity dd6 0.3934 0.0901 4.369 0.000 -1.2315 0.3958 -3.111 0.002 0.8987 0.4120 2.181 0.029 dd7 0.0334 0.0742 0.450 0.653 -1.0731 0.3996 -2.686 0.007 0.5354 0.5512 0.971 0.331 dd8 0.8114 0.1332 6.090 0.000 0.1751 0.4094 0.428 0.669 0.7024 0.4765 1.474 0.140 dd9 -0.0093 0.1232 -0.075 0.940 0.0822 0.3875 0.212 0.832 0.9621 0.3605 2.669 0.008 dd10 -0.3199 0.1033 -3.096 0.002 -1.2246 0.4141 -2.957 0.003 -0.2066 0.3841 -0.538 0.591 dd11 0.2348 0.0715 3.282 0.001 -0.8152 0.3916 -2.082 0.037 0.3971 0.3783 1.050 0.294 _cons 4.2641 0.1142 37.327 0.000 5.2222 0.4238 12.322 0.000 3.1584 0.4708 6.708 0.000
Page 1 and 2:
Part One - Agricultural Productivit
Page 3 and 4:
I. Introduction Agricultural Produc
Page 5 and 6:
came about from expansion of cultiv
Page 7 and 8:
study, therefore, limited itself to
Page 9 and 10:
Land allocation and yields of 12 cr
Page 11 and 12:
Table 6: Key economic variables for
Page 13 and 14:
local seed in absolute terms and th
Page 15 and 16:
Table 11: Crosscutting priority con
Page 17 and 18:
Table 13: General constraints to ma
Page 19 and 20:
These results clearly demonstrate t
Page 21 and 22:
Table 18: Crosscutting constraints
Page 23 and 24: V. Policy Implications The findings
Page 25 and 26: References Appleton, Simon (2001).
Page 27 and 28: 1.0 BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction Low
Page 29 and 30: egins with a summary of the literat
Page 31 and 32: Source: National Wetlands Conservat
Page 33 and 34: shillings (§37-38). Every landowne
Page 35 and 36: Similarly, Howard (1995) used socia
Page 37 and 38: Uganda may well have more than a qu
Page 39 and 40: factors that explain household leve
Page 41 and 42: of inputs 18 , pests and diseases,
Page 43 and 44: (PMA p. 27). It also requires impro
Page 45 and 46: agriculturalists, who still do not
Page 47 and 48: to have covered 30,000 ha. During t
Page 49 and 50: 4.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The breadt
Page 51 and 52: • What is the current extent of w
Page 53 and 54: Figure 2. Changes in Sources of Com
Page 55 and 56: Figure 5. Proportion of Households
Page 57 and 58: estimates are remarkably consistent
Page 59 and 60: FSI - Percentage by District Distri
Page 61 and 62: was corrected using the White-Huber
Page 63 and 64: utilization for the household. Howe
Page 65 and 66: The nature of the structures to con
Page 67 and 68: impact of irrigation on horticultur
Page 69 and 70: growing population. Wetland protect
Page 71 and 72: APPENDICES Appendix 1. The Wetlands
Page 73: Appendix 2. THE 5V’s PRIORITY CLA
Page 77 and 78: Estimated covariances = 79 Number o
Page 79 and 80: International Food Policy Research
Page 81 and 82: Scherr, Sara J., 1999b. Poverty-env
Page 83 and 84: Land Tenure, Agricultural Productiv
Page 85 and 86: 1.3 Statement of the problem Land s
Page 87 and 88: In order to achieve these objective
Page 89 and 90: densely populated Nyeri and Kakameg
Page 91 and 92: Figure 3: Conceptual Model Type of
Page 93 and 94: Figure 4: Location of the Study Dis
Page 95 and 96: By 2001, land demarcation and regis
Page 97 and 98: 3.4 Survey Design The survey was un
Page 99 and 100: 3.5.3 Model of Environmental Degrad
Page 101 and 102: questionnaire (Figure 8). Prominent
Page 103 and 104: Figure 10: Availability of hired la
Page 105 and 106: Figure 13 shows the level of cultiv
Page 107 and 108: joint significance test on the 4 dr
Page 109 and 110: Table 8: Regression Results on Maiz
Page 111 and 112: was classified into three categorie
Page 113 and 114: Table 9: Tobit Analysis with Enviro
Page 115 and 116: 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICAT
Page 117 and 118: 5.5 Access to Market A number of fa
Page 119 and 120: FAO (2003b). “Women and Food Secu
Page 121 and 122: Omiti John and Paul Obunde (2002).
Page 123 and 124: Annex 1: Pearson Correlation Coeffi
Page 125 and 126:
SEXHH SEXLUSER TSECUR VEGCP1 CHILDE
Page 127 and 128:
Part two - Agricultural Markets
Page 129 and 130:
Market Liberalisation and Agricultu
Page 131 and 132:
farms show annual fluctuations, wit
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 2: Recent trends in domestic
Page 135 and 136:
5. The Model The interest of this s
Page 137 and 138:
sources for each sector. α IM ji a
Page 139 and 140:
Savings Households’ savings are a
Page 141 and 142:
The value-added price is defined th
Page 143 and 144:
Specifically, the Government polici
Page 145 and 146:
Table 5: Calculated Tariff Rates (%
Page 147 and 148:
disincentive to farmers. Inability
Page 149 and 150:
competitiveness. The second one is
Page 151 and 152:
Table 7: Wage Rates and Labour Inco
Page 153 and 154:
Similar simulation is undertaken in
Page 155 and 156:
References Block, S. and C.P. Timme
Page 157 and 158:
Tyler, G. J. and Akinboade, O. 1992
Page 159 and 160:
(A.10) ai ∑ P ϖ P i=1,...,3; j =
Page 161 and 162:
(A.32) price (A.33) P Q = P ( 1+ td
Page 163 and 164:
Table A.2: Variables of KEGEM Varia
Page 165 and 166:
VA A i Efficiency parameter in valu
Page 167 and 168:
CHAPTER FIVE Post-Liberalization Ma
Page 169 and 170:
As alluded to earlier, initial agri
Page 171 and 172:
directly to dairy farmers as animal
Page 173 and 174:
to engage in this new role, the gov
Page 175 and 176:
2.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Overal
Page 177 and 178:
markets with minor gaps in data ser
Page 179 and 180:
Price-series correlations are conve
Page 181 and 182:
Migori Awendo Postliberalization 1,
Page 183 and 184:
model depends on whether or not the
Page 185 and 186:
Table 6b--Unit root tests for price
Page 187 and 188:
Table 8a--Unit root tests for OLS r
Page 189 and 190:
3.3 The Role of Infrastructure and
Page 191 and 192:
Table 13--Reported distances from t
Page 193 and 194:
Table 15--Reported maize storage pr
Page 195 and 196:
Table 17--Traders’ perception of
Page 197 and 198:
3.3.6.2 Awareness of the Liberaliza
Page 199 and 200:
Retailer (open-air market) 21 13 7
Page 201 and 202:
3.4 Maize Marketing Costs Traders w
Page 203 and 204:
3.4.4 License and Market Fees Accor
Page 205 and 206:
5.Develop farmers’ and traders’
Page 207 and 208:
Coulter, J., and J. A. F. Compton.
Page 209 and 210:
Meilink, A. H. 1987. Food consumpti
Page 211 and 212:
Figure 1 Maize surplus and deficit
Page 213 and 214:
Figure 3 Trends in Maize Prices 199
Page 215 and 216:
Price per 90kg bag (Kshs) Mbeere Di
Page 217 and 218:
Figure 4 Modes of transporting maiz
Page 219 and 220:
Figure 6: Limitations to storage ca
Page 221 and 222:
Figure 8: Problems experienced in a
Page 223 and 224:
CHAPTER SIX Grain Marketing in Addi
Page 225 and 226:
A third, related explanation argues
Page 227 and 228:
educed marketing costs related to p
Page 229 and 230:
1.4. Research questions This study
Page 231 and 232:
1.6. Organization of the report Thi
Page 233 and 234:
the cases, respectively (Table 2.4)
Page 235 and 236:
Brokers believe that most regional
Page 237 and 238:
There is also a close relationship
Page 239 and 240:
Table 2.14: Buyers’ methods for i
Page 241 and 242:
Source: Survey, 2002. Table 2.18: D
Page 243 and 244:
Table 2.22: Method used to grade di
Page 245 and 246:
Table 2.25: Access to credit broker
Page 247 and 248:
It has been reported that grain pur
Page 249 and 250:
3. GRAIN RETAILERS Retailers serve
Page 251 and 252:
Like brokers, retailers use cash or
Page 253 and 254:
Table 3.11: Buyers’ information a
Page 255 and 256:
Table 3.14: Retailers’ views of g
Page 257 and 258:
Getting reliable price information
Page 259 and 260:
Table 4.4: How do you set a sales p
Page 261 and 262:
Table 4.7: Means of settling disput
Page 263 and 264:
a.m. The survey included wholesale
Page 265 and 266:
Table 5.3: Instability index of dai
Page 267 and 268:
Table 5.7: Seasonality index of who
Page 269 and 270:
Figure 5.3: Ratio of wholesale to r
Page 271 and 272:
Table 5.8: Results of stationary te
Page 273 and 274:
Table 5.10: Summary of Granger caus
Page 275 and 276:
holiday sales. The results of the r
Page 277 and 278:
Table 6.1: Storage capacity of the
Page 279 and 280:
Intermarket grain flow is coordinat
Page 281 and 282:
• a legal, regulatory, and enforc
Page 283 and 284:
REFERENCES Al-Hassen, R., A. Dorwar
Page 285 and 286:
Seppala, P. 1998. Decisive liberali
Page 287 and 288:
achieve some welfare objective. The
Page 289 and 290:
Annex Table 2.10: Have you faced di
Page 291 and 292:
Annex Table 2.21: Do you consider p
Page 293 and 294:
Annex Table 3.3: Cost structure of
Page 295 and 296:
Annex Table 4.2: Complementary acti
Page 297 and 298:
CHAPTER SEVEN Post-Harvest Grain Ma
Page 299 and 300:
only (see Abebe 2000: 80-83). That
Page 301 and 302:
of processing as an important post-
Page 303 and 304:
occur at all stages of post-harvest
Page 305 and 306:
Endowment & access to Resources (e.
Page 307 and 308:
Figure 2: The Study Areas (shaded a
Page 309 and 310:
(6) β i = β 0 λ i , 0
Page 311 and 312:
Intercrop differences Liquidity con
Page 313 and 314:
eplace old animals (19 percent of h
Page 315 and 316:
Table 5. Number and capacity of gra
Page 317 and 318:
Table 7b.Estimated grain loss durin
Page 319 and 320:
7.1.3. Grain Marketing Practices an
Page 321 and 322:
1.8 Producers' price 1.6 1.4 1.2 1
Page 323 and 324:
next season, grain prices tend to b
Page 325 and 326:
Table 13: Regression results (Tobit
Page 327 and 328:
of grain production was reportedly
Page 329 and 330:
instruments to mitigate price risks
Page 331 and 332:
Coulter, J. and G. Onumah, (2002).
Page 333 and 334:
Appendix: Supplementary Tables Appe
Page 335 and 336:
CHAPTER EIGHT Collective Action in
Page 337 and 338:
The objectives of DRS were to popul
Page 339 and 340:
increasing participation. Thus, the
Page 341 and 342:
Table 2. Perceived change in benefi
Page 343 and 344:
unsatisfactory (Table 8). Flaws in
Page 345 and 346:
Table 14. Measures of wealth status
Page 347 and 348:
Results from Regression Analysis Ta
Page 349 and 350:
However, to maintain these benefits
Page 351 and 352:
Table 18. Determinants of participa
Page 353 and 354:
_______ 1981. Common property and c
Page 355 and 356:
Management Regulations and Enforcem
Page 357 and 358:
In theory, under PFM, the governmen
Page 359 and 360:
3.2 Desk study The desk study invol
Page 361 and 362:
Table 1: Number and gender of indiv
Page 363 and 364:
Poverty Increase in number of fishe
Page 365 and 366:
Table 5: Responses given by various
Page 367 and 368:
wages after the catch is sold (see
Page 369 and 370:
70 60 No of respondents 50 40 30 20
Page 371 and 372:
4.2.3 Lack of attention to social i
Page 373 and 374:
5.3 Regulate the construction of re
Page 375 and 376:
REFERENCES Allison, E. H., and P. M
Page 377 and 378:
APPENDIXES Appendix A: Districts of
Page 379 and 380:
Questions and responses Government
Page 381 and 382:
Questions and responses Lack of coo
Page 383 and 384:
CHAPTER TEN Animal Health Service D
Page 385 and 386:
• Individuals are selected for tr
Page 388 and 389:
Makueni district was selected becau
Page 390 and 391:
1.5 Justification of the study The
Page 392 and 393:
more sustainable (Leonard 1993; Uma
Page 394 and 395:
of defined roles for CBAHWs within
Page 396 and 397:
Interviews with veterinary officers
Page 398 and 399:
The estimated model was of the form
Page 400 and 401:
Gender remains a sensitive issue. P
Page 402 and 403:
The most common ailments and diseas
Page 404 and 405:
4.3 Factors influencing the level o
Page 406 and 407:
Table 9 -- Factors influencing the
Page 408 and 409:
Table 10 - Factors determining the
Page 410 and 411:
Table 12 -- Current mean numbers of
Page 412 and 413:
Figure 4: Percentage of household h
Page 414 and 415:
CBAHWs were the most utilized chann
Page 416 and 417:
Users of veterinarians’ services
Page 418 and 419:
Table 18 -- Levels of incomes and l
Page 420 and 421:
higher average calving per cow, whi
Page 422 and 423:
Table 21 -- CBAHWs’ ranking of sp
Page 424 and 425:
epresentative of livestock keepers
Page 426 and 427:
Despite the restriction imposed by
Page 428 and 429:
veterinarians. Such associations co
Page 430 and 431:
References Akabwai, D., V. Shean, a
Page 432 and 433:
Johnson, P. J., and C. Chahuares. 1
Page 434 and 435:
Appendix 1: The Logistic Procedure
Page 436 and 437:
Social Capital and Sustainable Agri
Page 438 and 439:
1.1 Soil conservation programs and
Page 440 and 441:
1.3 Research Objectives and Hypothe
Page 442 and 443:
Institutional and Policy factors -
Page 444 and 445:
land pressure is high (Holden 1991)
Page 446 and 447:
include density of membership in gr
Page 448 and 449:
then summed up according to increas
Page 450 and 451:
Social capital, resource use, and a
Page 452 and 453:
Table 4.4 Farmers’ perception of
Page 454 and 455:
Table 4.5: Empowerment and politica
Page 456 and 457:
Table 4.8: Indicators of collective
Page 458 and 459:
Table 4.10: Comparison of means of
Page 460 and 461:
5. The influence of social capital
Page 462 and 463:
especially when considered on an ad
Page 464 and 465:
households may pay less attention t
Page 466 and 467:
Table 5.3 Determinants of terracing
Page 468 and 469:
and Gichuki 1994). In the 1940s, th
Page 470 and 471:
Table 5.4. Determinants of soil con
Page 472 and 473:
5.3. Social capital, resource use,
Page 474 and 475:
6. Implications for policy and prog
Page 476 and 477:
essential for the formation of exte
Page 478 and 479:
BIBLIOGRPAHY Admassie, Y., L. I. Mw
Page 480 and 481:
Gambetta, D. 1988. Can we trust tru
Page 482 and 483:
Social capital and watershed develo
Page 484 and 485:
Obare, G. A., S. W. Omamo, and J. C
Page 486 and 487:
Washington D.C.: The World Bank Tem
Page 488 and 489:
Appendix: A list of Contributors Ab
Page 490 and 491:
Appendix: Projects Supported Under
Page 492:
IFPRI Eastern Africa Food Policy Ne
show all

The Future of Smallholder Farming in Eastern Africa - Uganda ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?