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Training of Roma Health Mediators in Reproductive Health

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Tra<strong>in</strong>er document<br />

CAUSES OF INFERTILITY<br />

Causes <strong>of</strong> Infertility <strong>in</strong> Men<br />

Anyth<strong>in</strong>g which affects the production <strong>of</strong> sperm or the transportation <strong>of</strong> sperm <strong>in</strong>to the<br />

woman’s vag<strong>in</strong>a could lead to <strong>in</strong>fertility:<br />

• Poor quality <strong>of</strong> semen, especially low number <strong>of</strong> sperm or sperm that cannot move,<br />

can be <strong>in</strong>duced by different causes:<br />

o Physical factors<br />

• Excessive heat due to tight underwear, work<strong>in</strong>g for long periods at high<br />

temperature (near ovens or furnaces)<br />

• Chemicals<br />

• Direct <strong>in</strong>jury <strong>of</strong> the testes<br />

• Excessive smok<strong>in</strong>g and dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g<br />

• Drug use (marijuana, hero<strong>in</strong>, coca<strong>in</strong>e)<br />

• Certa<strong>in</strong> diseases (diabetes, thyroid disease)<br />

o Infections <strong>of</strong> the testes (mumps <strong>in</strong>fection after puberty)<br />

o Failure <strong>of</strong> the testes to descend from the abdomen at an early age<br />

o Abnormally small testes.<br />

• Inability to deposit sperm <strong>in</strong> the vag<strong>in</strong>a<br />

o Blocked passage (semen cannot come out <strong>of</strong> the testes)<br />

• Complication <strong>of</strong> sexually transmitted diseases, especially gonorrhea and<br />

Chlamydia<br />

• Tuberculosis<br />

o Impotence<br />

• Emotional, psychological factors<br />

• Physical stress<br />

Causes <strong>of</strong> Infertility <strong>in</strong> Women<br />

Anyth<strong>in</strong>g which affects the release <strong>of</strong> eggs from the ovaries (ovulation), the permeability<br />

<strong>of</strong> the fallopian tube, the structure and the function <strong>of</strong> the womb, could lead to <strong>in</strong>fertility:<br />

• Failure to ovulate: represents approximately 20% <strong>of</strong> the causes <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>fertility <strong>in</strong><br />

women; there are many factors which can lead to failure <strong>of</strong> ovulation<br />

o Hormonal disturbances<br />

o Ovaries dysfunctions and abnormalities<br />

o Physical factors<br />

• Chemicals<br />

• Excessive smok<strong>in</strong>g and dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g<br />

• Drug use (marijuana, hero<strong>in</strong>, coca<strong>in</strong>e)<br />

179<br />

RFHI/JSI <strong>Roma</strong>nia <strong>Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>of</strong> RHMs <strong>in</strong> <strong>Reproductive</strong> <strong>Health</strong> Session 11: Infertility

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