trends and future of sustainable development - TransEco

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Life expectancy at 65 for males (years): life expectancy at 65 gives a view to the general health ofthe population as well as the health care system. Life expectancy for males displays more variance thanfemale (or total) life expectancy and was therefore selected.Suicide death rate (crude death rate per 300 000 persons): this indicator was chosen as a proxyindicator of the happiness of the population. The suicide death rate of three age classes (15-19 years, 50-54 years and over 85 years) were summed up so to calculate the “total suicide death rate” for eachcountry.Persons with low educational attainment (%): education was considered as a very relevantaspect of sustainability within the social dimension, thus a weight of 4 was given to this indicator. Datawas adequately available only from 2000 onwards.Early school leavers (%): for the same reason presented above, also this indicator received aweight equal to 4. Data was adequately available only from 2000 onwards.2.1.2 Environmental dimension indicatorsWeight 2,5 4 2,5 2,5 3Ranking logicReversed Normal Reversed Reversed ReversedIndicatorFinal energyconsumptionof roadtransport(TOE/capita)Renewableenergy (% grosselectricityconsumption)Municipalwastegenerated(kg/capita)Motorizationrate(number ofcars per 1000people)Emissions ofparticulatematter fromroad transport(kg per capita)Weight 1,5 1,5 2,5 1,5Ranking logic Reversed Reversed Reversed NormalIndicatorEmissions ofacidifyingsubstances (kgper capita)Emissions ofozoneprecursors (kgof ozoneformingpotential /capita)DomesticMaterialConsumption(tonnes/capita)Area underorganicfarming (% ofutilizedagriculturalarea)Final energy consumption of road transport (toe/capita): this indicator was selected todescribe the transportation pattern of the countries considered. As there are also two other indicatorsdealing with road transport, a weight of 2,5 was chosen.Renewable energy (% in total energy consumption): being the only indicator relative to the use ofrenewable energy in this set, it was given a weight equal to 4.Municipal waste (Kg/capita): Municipal waste indicates a strain on the environment that aconsuming population cannot easily export to other statistical geographic entities and is for this reason awell suited indicator of sustainability at the local level when compared to, for example, heavy industryemissions. A weight of 2,5 was chosen for this indicator as it is relevant, but gives no indication of thewaste treatment typology.12
Motorization rate (number of cars/ 1000 people): this indicator was selected because of itsrelevance in describing the transportation habits of a country. As there are also two other indicatorsdealing with road transport, a weight of 2,5 was chosen.Emissions of PM from road transport (kg/capita): This indicator was considered relevant inassessing the pollution deriving from the transportation sector. As there are also two other indicatorsdealing with road transport, a weight of 3 was chosen. This indicator can be criticized on the groundsthat the average population densities of EU27 countries differ greatly.Emissions of acidifying substances (kg/capita): together with the other two indicators relativeto pollution, it assesses the air quality of the countries considered. A problem with industry emissions isthat production of consumer goods is global and an economy consuming products of industriesproducing acidifying substances might not be the same statistical geographic entity. A weight of only 1,5was chosen, as it is difficult to estimate the emissions deriving from industries established abroad(especially in Asia) by EU countries.Emissions of ozone precursors (kg/capita): the same description of the previous indicator isvalid.Domestic Material Consumption (tonne/capita): this indicator was chosen because it assessesthe amount of material used by an economy. For this indicator data was adequately available only from2000 onwards.Area under organic farming (% of utilized agricultural area): this indicator was selected in orderto give information concerning the consumers’ demand for organic produce. For this indicator data wasadequately available only from 2000 onwards.2.1.3. Economic dimension indicatorsWeight 2 3 3 2 3Ranking logicNormal Reversed Normal Reversed NormalIndicatorTotal R&Dexpenditure(%of GDP)Generalgovernmentgross debtGDP per capitain PurchasingPowerStandards(PPS) (EU-27 =100)EnergydependencyTotalemploymentrate (%)Total R&D expenditure (% of GDP): this indicator was selected for its relevancy in evaluating thewillingness of a government to invest in research and development, as well as the amount of moneyavailable for that. However, a weight of only 2 was chosen because the added sustainability largelydepends on what type of R&D activities derive from these investments.General government gross debt (% of GDP): this indicator was selected to give informationconcerning the financial health of the governments in the EU countries. As it is considered quite relevantto assess the economic prosperity, a weight equal to 3 was given.13
Page 1 and 2: Hanna Lakkala & Jarmo Vehmas (edito
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
Page 5 and 6: Implementation of Total responsibil
Page 7 and 8: In addition, an expert panel chaire
Page 9 and 10: GROUPING AND RANKING THE EU-27 COUN
Page 11: objects, i.e. countries. The city b
Page 15 and 16: Cluster 7: Italy, SpainAs can be un
Page 17 and 18: The northwestern European cluster i
Page 20 and 21: ReferencesEurostat (2011) Eurostat
Page 22 and 23: The authors applied both the SUMMA
Page 24 and 25: 3.1. SUMMA examplesEmissions are a
Page 26 and 27: sector not in the paid work sector
Page 28 and 29: sustainability. While non-use and e
Page 30 and 31: Figure 5.Fund-Flow analysis of Scot
Page 32 and 33: examination concern e.g. dispersal
Page 34 and 35: These interlinked themes strongly a
Page 36 and 37: Social sustainabilitySocial sustain
Page 38 and 39: Economic sustainabilityThe existenc
Page 40 and 41: Public transport is efficient (supp
Page 42 and 43: SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BI
Page 44 and 45: 1. Introduction and BackgroundThe d
Page 46 and 47: 3. Case StudiesTwo alternative scen
Page 48 and 49: (methodological, spatial and time-s
Page 50 and 51: Comparing with energy uses in Campa
Page 52 and 53: ESI 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.14% Renewable
Page 54 and 55: Kamm, B. - Kamm, M. (2004) Principl
Page 56 and 57: It is possible to identify five pre
Page 58 and 59: Case study applicationThe Cairngorm
Page 60 and 61: The language and terminology used b
Page 62 and 63:
utility of MUSIASEM were less varie
Page 64 and 65:
Our findings illustrate that relati
Page 66 and 67:
McNie, E. C. 2007, "Reconciling the
Page 68 and 69:
1. IntroductionRomania is a country
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 2.The Manufacture sector has
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 5.Between 2002 and 2006, Ele
Page 74 and 75:
The database of net taxes on produc
Page 76 and 77:
Serbanescu, I., 2007. Romania Under
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flows such as the residuals of prod
Page 80 and 81:
Consumption (TMC) is a deriavite of
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6. Imported and Exported Material F
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points of view means that the use o
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TRENDS AND DRIVING FACTORS IN FINNI
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Figure 1.The interlinking of the fr
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Figure 3. The removal of total andc
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200150100500-50CO2FI/FECFIFECFI/VAF
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ReferencesBraczyk, P.H.J., Cooke, P
Page 96 and 97:
“JUST BEGIN”A CASE STUDY IN CRE
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2. Materials and MethodsThe role of
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everyone some share in the land’s
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allowing for winter grazing and car
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Useful PrinciplesAn especially impo
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This approach necessarily has major
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POWERING THE FUTURE OF THE LEAST DE
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made interviews in a village that h
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was put on projects predominantly f
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(discussed in more detail in follow
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4. Solar Home System Program in Lao
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micro hydro has not received that m
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And the role of smaller scale solut
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has become in discourse level the m
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ReferencesBerliant, Leslie (2009) W
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DEVELOPING TIBET INTO A SPECIAL SUS
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are just a curiosity for festivals
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Environmental sustainabilityEnviron
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and towns under the reservoir. Howe
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ailways, airports and townships for
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(3) social needs: good relations an
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COPENHAGEN FAILURE AND NORTH-SOUTHD
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”whoever defines the terms of the
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Blair makes a division between deve
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Issue 3: Action suggestionsOne of t
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change as a serious problem and und
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aspects. Through the scrutiny of le
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50 000 ha are currently irrigated.
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Table 2.The main pieces of legislat
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Table 3.The main policy documents o
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However, the Zambian laws on sanita
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State House (2009). Updated on 16th
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Forum 2009). As agriculture is the
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2005; Levy and Newell 2002). These
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The virtual water ‘flows’ embed
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value given to the other members of
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countries of operation, promoting m
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Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., (2
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1723. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
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guarantee the consumer’s opportun
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3. Growth of GDP doesn’t guarante
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Veblen’s observation on the inter
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overriding of the ‘interference o
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consumption has no centre point (or
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Habermas, J., 1968. Erkenntnis und
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2010). However, people who prioriti
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Table 2.Operationalizing of attitud
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material intensity, which is driven
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225 cases of serious illness per te
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instance, to tax labor in the frame
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Anderson, A., Harris, T., Tylavsky,
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Heiskala, R. (2000). Toiminta, tapa
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Rauh, V., Arunajadai, S., Horton, M
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MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONSUMPTION- TW
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possibilities to participate in the
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udgets were mostly selected by expe
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Figure 1.Material footprint of the
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eference budgets. A reduction in li
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Schmidt-Bleek,F. (2009) The Earth:
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIFE CYC
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Geels notes that for transitions to
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Hafkamp (2002), working from the ec
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4.1. LCT based analysis as a test f
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effect, this image establishes a vi
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management strategies, it has been
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5.2.3. Subsidiarity: Level of imple
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Council Directive. 2008. 2008/98/EC
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LAND USE FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION -
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Economic: part of the technical pot
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local food production system. Conse
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As can be seen from the graph above
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ReferencesBerndes G, Hoogwijk M, va
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DRIVERS AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE
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Figure 1.Dynamic and Folding Field
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esponses to an array of possible em
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Leadership and institutionsThe SEQC
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not preferable. Scenario 4: Transfo
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Figure 2.Practical responses across
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Wilber, Ken. 2001. A Theory of Ever
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2. Background and LiteratureSustain
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about environmental challenges. Sco
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interconnectedness of globalization
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ConclusionThe analysis of the data
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ReferencesAgenda 21, Chapter 36. Th
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2. Theory and LiteratureTo achieve
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There probably are professional dif
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design fields, 2 from economics and
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out. While there are some necessary
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J. (Eds.) Proceedings of LeNS Confe
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INNOVATIVE FISCAL POLICY IN THE CON
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3. A concept of innovative fiscal p
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transfers, and social contributions
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Although Finland can be ranked into
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which induced lower tax revenues -
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panacea; furthermore, unlegislated
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ReferencesAfonso, A. - Hauptmeier,
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In this paper are presented some fi
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The baseline scenario for 2011-2012
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Indirect effects: the increased wei
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AcknowledgementsThis paper was supp
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e added to the domestic hidden econ
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case when all household are involve
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(from 70.8% in 1997 to 63.1% in 200
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Appendix 1Shares of informal income
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H2 Estimations under the hypotheses
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1999). In this analysis the Finnish
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warming, growing environmental burd
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aggregate indicator. It is by no me
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Diefenbacher, H. 1994. The index of
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3147. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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themselves - both in day-to-day bus
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3. How do we arrive at big picture?
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Figure 3.Pillars of sustainability
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That communication, networking, and
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companies already consider the sust
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1. IntroductionCompanies leading in
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Figure 1.Sources of InnovationExami
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penetration of disruptive innovatio
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introduced by Canon which eventuall
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Scenario 4 - Disruptive Era: This i
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Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J. P. 200
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1. IntroductionTotal Quality manage
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Waddock and Graves, 1997). Neverthe
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organizations to discover and creat
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undertaken to pursue a sustainable
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and ways to enhance and effectively
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Waddock, SA & Graves, SB 1997. ‘T
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the company and its stakeholders. O
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persons. About 30% of the shares ar
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working groups and board of directo
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sustainability webpages and press r
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Näsi, Juha (1995) What is stakehol
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the indirect and inter-stakeholder
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In June 2005, the presidents of Uru
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examine the stakeholder relationshi
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Union expressed its’ support to t
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The analysis of this case illustrat
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Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R. & Narula,
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(Vandenbergh 2007; McBarnet and Kur
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Finally, enforceability is another
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3.2. OverviewThe legal scholarship
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law, transnational private regulati
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The SA8000, a certification based s
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As the analyzed literature shows, t
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Shaffer, G. and Pollack, M.A.., 201
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documents and to correct the disclo
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2.2. The EU CSR disclosure regimeSi
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The decision laid down the path for
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2011). More fundamental criticisms
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espect of the materiality of CSR re
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unexpected side effects as well. As
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HEITZMAN, S., WASLEY, C. E. & ZIMME
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4008. FUTURES METHODS
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1. IntroductionThe Finnish society
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Figure 2.An analysis on effectivene
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In the following the scenarios are
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Development corresponds closest to
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WILD CARDS AND
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infrastructure sector. Thus, the ne
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consulted the right experts or if w
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Tampere area and Lapin Kansa is pub
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Here are just a few examples of the
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transparent decision-making. If pol
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Local and Regional Authorities.http
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DELPHI ON TRANSPORT AND CO 2 EMISSI
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which had offered little informatio
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and sidewalks. The use and ownershi
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very slow decrease after the year 2
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emissions of the car, and the annua
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Finnish Government (2008) Long-term
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ANALYSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROA
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developed countries but not globall
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only are useful in stable condition
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analysis and literature survey form
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However, the survey did not give in
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DETR (1999) Sustainable distributio
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complex and systematic understandin
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The structure and aims of the paper
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Table 1.Steps of the ANT-derived me
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After the first iteration the impor
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in the real world? Since the lack o
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SMALL STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRAN
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Quantitative content analysis was p
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general, attitudes towards car tax
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Future orientation of the discussio
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public, there were little possibili
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46810. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
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meaningful components and compares
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fuel combustion. Positive values fo
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We analyse the changes in the count
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200180160140120100806040200Activity
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has had considerable impact on CO 2
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The structural decomposition analys
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Intensity effect on Final Energy Co
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%China, factors affecting CO 2 emis
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4. ConclusionsThe decomposition ana
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MICROALGAE AS A BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK:
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are dominating the international ag
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3.1.3. BiodiversityBiodiversity is
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Moreover, people attach more and mo
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important role in tackling with or
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Spolaore P., Joannis C. C., Duran E
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DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONSK.
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disciplines and socialised in diffe
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5. Corporate contextKSB is a medium
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Most important, BOS does not touch
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ongoing or expected changes in the
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1Idea andevaluation2Clarif. ofobjec
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Arthur. 2009. The Nature of Technol
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SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS IN DESIGN
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Figure 1.Left: The various roles of
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longer product centred. It is widel
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the competence to help develop dema
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Figure 4.Survey framework: Dimensio
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gap. In our survey, the lack of con
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SUSTAINABILITY AND INDUSTRIAL DESIG
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“memories of the future” that e
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that it is quite common for compani
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3. How will sustainability change:
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e sensitive to sustainability as th
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Industrial Designers Society of Ame
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