trends and future of sustainable development - TransEco

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important role in tackling with or even eliminating all kinds of potential risks existing in MBB industry.Only in this way, can MBB industry enjoy its prosperity in a sustainable manner.From regulation and policy standpoint, there are several directions or guidelines that will push MBBdevelopment sustainably. To start with, roles and responsibilities within government agencies must beclarified in order to make sure that MBB production can operate regularly to meet the demands ofmarketplace. In the second place, life cycle analysis (LCA) at the biofuel product design phase must beconducted to foresee some potential risks. Then, the contracts of environmental impact statements mustbe reinforced and regulatory industry roadmap needs to be developed. Furthermore, internationalregulations, guidelines standards for sustainable biofuel must be brought in and adopted. What’s more,sub-industry collaboration has to be encouraged so that investment capital can be collected more easilyand the advantages of technologies can come into effect. Last but not least, the government needs to useall kinds of media to put propaganda activities into practice, covering environmental, economical, socialand cultural corners.As for company entity, the following issues should be proactively addressed. Firstly, before theestablishment of MBB industry, explicit water and land use planning should be carried out in anenvironmental friendly manner. Secondly, in order to minimize the damage to aquatic ecosystems,relative measurements should be taken into effect to treat wastewater, maintain downstream waterquality and minimize inhibitions to groundwater infiltration. Thirdly, periodicity and volumes ofrecycled water also need to be expected in advance, and meantime non-recycled water with high saltcontent should be disposed of properly. Fourthly, a careful assessment of potential risks prior to theintroduction of new species should be conducted to prevent habitat damage, ecological invasion,diseases spread, etc. Fifthly, in the long run, the development of higher value co-products or byproductsis needed for the purpose of economic viability. Finally, transparency of process inputs and outputsought to be exercised.From public perspective, their participation will exert widely effects on the sustainable production ofMBB. Public perception and participation of microalgae industry as an environmentally responsiblesteward will help facilitate its establishment and development. And the improvement of public sense willbe beneficial to help them adopt a very positive attitude towards MBB. This can be achieved byundertaking proper communication and activities involved with government and company.ReferencesAikins G. P., Nadim A., Halwagi M. M., Mahalec V., 2009. Design and analysis of biodiesel productionfrom algae grown through carbon sequestration, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,DOI 10.1007/s10098-009-0215-6.Aslan S., Kapdan I., 2006. Batch kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from synthetic wastewaterby algae, Ecological Engineering, 28: 64–70.Avagyan A. B., 2008. A contribution to global sustainable development: inclusion of microalgae andtheir biomass in production and bio cycles, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 10:313–317.Ayhan D., 2010. Use of algae as biofuel sources, Energy Conversion and Management, 51(12): 2738–2749, DOI 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.06.010.Benton M. J., 2001. Biodiversity on land and in the sea, Geological Journal, 36: 211–230.496
Bruton T., Lyons H., Lerat Y., Stanley M., Rasmussen M. B., 2009. A Review of the Potential of MarineAlgae as a Source of Biofuel in Ireland, Report prepared for Sustainable Energy Ireland.Chisti Y., 2008. Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol, Trends Biotechnology, 26(3): 126–131.Eriksen N. T., 2008. The technology of microalgal culturing, Biotechnology Letters, 30: 1525–1536, DOI10.1007/s10529-008-9740-3.Erisman J. W., Grinsven H., Leip A., Mosier A., Bleeker A., 2009. Nitrogen and biofuels; an overview ofthe current state of knowledge, Nutrient Cycyling in Agroecosystems, DOI 10.1007/s10705-009-9285-4.Estrada V., Parodi E. R., Diaz M. S., 2009. Addressing the control problem of algae growth in waterreservoirs with advanced dynamic optimization approaches, Computers & Chemical Engineering,33(12): 2063–2074, DOI 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2009.06.011.Fritts T. H., Rodda G. H., 1998. The role of introduced species in the degradation of island ecosystems: acase history of Guam, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29: 113–140.Glibert P. M., Anderson D. A., Gentien P., Graneli E., Sellner K. G., 2005. The global complexphenomena of harmful algal blooms, Oceanography, 18: 136–147.Green Car, 2006. Green Car Congress, January 7, 2008;http://www.greencarcongress.com/2006/07/malarysia_and__in.html.Kalam M. A., Husnawan M., Masjuki H. H., 2003. Exhaust emission and combustion evaluation ofcoconut oil-powered indirect injection diesel engine, Renewable Energy, 28(15): 2405–2415.Ketola T., 2010. Food, energy and water (FEW) security analysis cube: Finland, Bolivia, Bhutan andBotswana as examples, International Conference on Security in Futures – Security in Change,Turku, Finland, 3-4 June 2010 (will also be published in the FFRC publications in 2011).Kovacevic V., Wesseler J., 2010. Cost-effectiveness analysis of algae energy production in the EU,Energy Policy, 38(10): 5749–5757.Krinsky N. I., Johnson E. J., 2005. Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease,Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 26: 459–516.Marten G. G., 2007. Larvicidal algae, American Mosquito Control Association Bulletin, 23(7): 177–183.McCarthy M. M., 2008. Riches in the Arctic: the new oil race, 25 July 2008,http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/riches-in-the-arctic-the-new-oil-race-876816.html.Miao X., Wu Q., 2006. Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil, Bioresource Technology,97: 841–846.Mulbry W., Kondrad S., Buyer J., Luthria D. L., 2009. Optimization of an oil extraction process for algaefrom the treatment of manure effluent, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 86: 909–915, DOI 10.1007/s11746-009-1432-1.Neste Oil, 2006. Annual report 2006, Neste Oil.Oh H. M., Choi A., Mheen T. I., 2003. High-value materials from microalgae, Korean Journal ofMicrobiology and Biotechnology, 31: 95–102.Pimentel D., Marklein A., Toth M. A., Karpoff M. N., Paul G. S., Cormack R. M., Kyriazis J., Krueger T.,2009. Food Versus Biofuels: Environmental and Economic Costs, Human Ecology, 37: 1–12, DOI10.1007/s10745-009-9215-8.Qin J., 2005. Bio-hydrocarbons from algae: impacts of temperature, light and salinity on algaegrowth. Barton, Rirdc.Schenk P. M., Thomas-Hall S. R., Stephens E., Marx U. C., Mussgnug J. H., Posten C., Kruse O.,Hankamer B., 2008. Second Generation Biofuels: High-Efficiency Microalgae for BiodieselProduction, Bioenergy Research, 1: 20–43, DOI 10.1007/s12155-008-9008-8.Shafiee S., Topal E., 2009. When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished? Energy Policy, 37: 181–189.Shi J., Podola B., Melkonian M., 2007. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater usingmicroalgae immobilized on twin layers: an experimental study, Journal of Applied Phycology, 19:417–423.Sorrell S., Speirs J., Bentley R., Brandt A., Miller R., 2009. Global oil depletion: An assessment of theevidence for a near-term peak in global oil production. UK Energy Research Centre.497
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Hanna Lakkala & Jarmo Vehmas (edito
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
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Implementation of Total responsibil
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In addition, an expert panel chaire
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GROUPING AND RANKING THE EU-27 COUN
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objects, i.e. countries. The city b
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Motorization rate (number of cars/
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Cluster 7: Italy, SpainAs can be un
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The northwestern European cluster i
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ReferencesEurostat (2011) Eurostat
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The authors applied both the SUMMA
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3.1. SUMMA examplesEmissions are a
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sector not in the paid work sector
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sustainability. While non-use and e
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Figure 5.Fund-Flow analysis of Scot
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examination concern e.g. dispersal
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These interlinked themes strongly a
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Social sustainabilitySocial sustain
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Economic sustainabilityThe existenc
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Public transport is efficient (supp
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SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BI
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1. Introduction and BackgroundThe d
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3. Case StudiesTwo alternative scen
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(methodological, spatial and time-s
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Comparing with energy uses in Campa
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ESI 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.14% Renewable
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Kamm, B. - Kamm, M. (2004) Principl
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It is possible to identify five pre
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Case study applicationThe Cairngorm
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The language and terminology used b
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utility of MUSIASEM were less varie
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Our findings illustrate that relati
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McNie, E. C. 2007, "Reconciling the
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1. IntroductionRomania is a country
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Figure 2.The Manufacture sector has
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Figure 5.Between 2002 and 2006, Ele
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The database of net taxes on produc
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Serbanescu, I., 2007. Romania Under
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flows such as the residuals of prod
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Consumption (TMC) is a deriavite of
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6. Imported and Exported Material F
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points of view means that the use o
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TRENDS AND DRIVING FACTORS IN FINNI
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Figure 1.The interlinking of the fr
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Figure 3. The removal of total andc
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200150100500-50CO2FI/FECFIFECFI/VAF
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ReferencesBraczyk, P.H.J., Cooke, P
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“JUST BEGIN”A CASE STUDY IN CRE
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2. Materials and MethodsThe role of
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everyone some share in the land’s
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allowing for winter grazing and car
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Useful PrinciplesAn especially impo
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This approach necessarily has major
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POWERING THE FUTURE OF THE LEAST DE
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made interviews in a village that h
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was put on projects predominantly f
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(discussed in more detail in follow
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4. Solar Home System Program in Lao
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micro hydro has not received that m
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And the role of smaller scale solut
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has become in discourse level the m
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ReferencesBerliant, Leslie (2009) W
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DEVELOPING TIBET INTO A SPECIAL SUS
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are just a curiosity for festivals
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Environmental sustainabilityEnviron
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and towns under the reservoir. Howe
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ailways, airports and townships for
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(3) social needs: good relations an
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COPENHAGEN FAILURE AND NORTH-SOUTHD
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”whoever defines the terms of the
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Blair makes a division between deve
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Issue 3: Action suggestionsOne of t
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change as a serious problem and und
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aspects. Through the scrutiny of le
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50 000 ha are currently irrigated.
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Table 2.The main pieces of legislat
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Table 3.The main policy documents o
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However, the Zambian laws on sanita
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State House (2009). Updated on 16th
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Forum 2009). As agriculture is the
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2005; Levy and Newell 2002). These
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The virtual water ‘flows’ embed
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value given to the other members of
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countries of operation, promoting m
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Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., (2
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1723. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
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guarantee the consumer’s opportun
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3. Growth of GDP doesn’t guarante
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Veblen’s observation on the inter
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overriding of the ‘interference o
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consumption has no centre point (or
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Habermas, J., 1968. Erkenntnis und
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2010). However, people who prioriti
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Table 2.Operationalizing of attitud
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material intensity, which is driven
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225 cases of serious illness per te
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instance, to tax labor in the frame
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Anderson, A., Harris, T., Tylavsky,
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Heiskala, R. (2000). Toiminta, tapa
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Rauh, V., Arunajadai, S., Horton, M
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MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONSUMPTION- TW
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possibilities to participate in the
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udgets were mostly selected by expe
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Figure 1.Material footprint of the
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eference budgets. A reduction in li
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Schmidt-Bleek,F. (2009) The Earth:
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIFE CYC
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Geels notes that for transitions to
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Hafkamp (2002), working from the ec
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4.1. LCT based analysis as a test f
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effect, this image establishes a vi
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management strategies, it has been
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5.2.3. Subsidiarity: Level of imple
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Council Directive. 2008. 2008/98/EC
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LAND USE FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION -
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Economic: part of the technical pot
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local food production system. Conse
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As can be seen from the graph above
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ReferencesBerndes G, Hoogwijk M, va
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DRIVERS AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE
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Figure 1.Dynamic and Folding Field
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esponses to an array of possible em
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Leadership and institutionsThe SEQC
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not preferable. Scenario 4: Transfo
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Figure 2.Practical responses across
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Wilber, Ken. 2001. A Theory of Ever
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2. Background and LiteratureSustain
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about environmental challenges. Sco
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interconnectedness of globalization
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ConclusionThe analysis of the data
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ReferencesAgenda 21, Chapter 36. Th
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2. Theory and LiteratureTo achieve
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There probably are professional dif
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design fields, 2 from economics and
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out. While there are some necessary
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J. (Eds.) Proceedings of LeNS Confe
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INNOVATIVE FISCAL POLICY IN THE CON
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3. A concept of innovative fiscal p
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transfers, and social contributions
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Although Finland can be ranked into
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which induced lower tax revenues -
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panacea; furthermore, unlegislated
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ReferencesAfonso, A. - Hauptmeier,
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In this paper are presented some fi
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The baseline scenario for 2011-2012
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Indirect effects: the increased wei
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AcknowledgementsThis paper was supp
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e added to the domestic hidden econ
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case when all household are involve
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(from 70.8% in 1997 to 63.1% in 200
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Appendix 1Shares of informal income
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H2 Estimations under the hypotheses
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1999). In this analysis the Finnish
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warming, growing environmental burd
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aggregate indicator. It is by no me
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Diefenbacher, H. 1994. The index of
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3147. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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themselves - both in day-to-day bus
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3. How do we arrive at big picture?
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Figure 3.Pillars of sustainability
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That communication, networking, and
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companies already consider the sust
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1. IntroductionCompanies leading in
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Figure 1.Sources of InnovationExami
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penetration of disruptive innovatio
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introduced by Canon which eventuall
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Scenario 4 - Disruptive Era: This i
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Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J. P. 200
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1. IntroductionTotal Quality manage
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Waddock and Graves, 1997). Neverthe
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organizations to discover and creat
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undertaken to pursue a sustainable
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and ways to enhance and effectively
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Waddock, SA & Graves, SB 1997. ‘T
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the company and its stakeholders. O
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persons. About 30% of the shares ar
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working groups and board of directo
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sustainability webpages and press r
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Näsi, Juha (1995) What is stakehol
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the indirect and inter-stakeholder
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In June 2005, the presidents of Uru
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examine the stakeholder relationshi
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Union expressed its’ support to t
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The analysis of this case illustrat
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Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R. & Narula,
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(Vandenbergh 2007; McBarnet and Kur
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Finally, enforceability is another
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3.2. OverviewThe legal scholarship
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law, transnational private regulati
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The SA8000, a certification based s
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As the analyzed literature shows, t
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Shaffer, G. and Pollack, M.A.., 201
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documents and to correct the disclo
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2.2. The EU CSR disclosure regimeSi
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The decision laid down the path for
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2011). More fundamental criticisms
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espect of the materiality of CSR re
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unexpected side effects as well. As
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HEITZMAN, S., WASLEY, C. E. & ZIMME
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4008. FUTURES METHODS
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1. IntroductionThe Finnish society
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Figure 2.An analysis on effectivene
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In the following the scenarios are
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Development corresponds closest to
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WILD CARDS AND
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infrastructure sector. Thus, the ne
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consulted the right experts or if w
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Tampere area and Lapin Kansa is pub
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Here are just a few examples of the
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transparent decision-making. If pol
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Local and Regional Authorities.http
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DELPHI ON TRANSPORT AND CO 2 EMISSI
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which had offered little informatio
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and sidewalks. The use and ownershi
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very slow decrease after the year 2
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emissions of the car, and the annua
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Finnish Government (2008) Long-term
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ANALYSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROA
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developed countries but not globall
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only are useful in stable condition
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analysis and literature survey form
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However, the survey did not give in
Page 446 and 447: DETR (1999) Sustainable distributio
Page 448 and 449: complex and systematic understandin
Page 450 and 451: The structure and aims of the paper
Page 452 and 453: Table 1.Steps of the ANT-derived me
Page 454 and 455: After the first iteration the impor
Page 456 and 457: in the real world? Since the lack o
Page 458 and 459: SMALL STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRAN
Page 460 and 461: Quantitative content analysis was p
Page 462 and 463: general, attitudes towards car tax
Page 464 and 465: Future orientation of the discussio
Page 466 and 467: public, there were little possibili
Page 468 and 469: 46810. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Page 470 and 471: meaningful components and compares
Page 472 and 473: fuel combustion. Positive values fo
Page 474 and 475: We analyse the changes in the count
Page 476 and 477: 200180160140120100806040200Activity
Page 478 and 479: has had considerable impact on CO 2
Page 480 and 481: The structural decomposition analys
Page 482 and 483: Intensity effect on Final Energy Co
Page 484 and 485: %China, factors affecting CO 2 emis
Page 486 and 487: 4. ConclusionsThe decomposition ana
Page 488 and 489: MICROALGAE AS A BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK:
Page 490 and 491: are dominating the international ag
Page 492 and 493: 3.1.3. BiodiversityBiodiversity is
Page 494 and 495: Moreover, people attach more and mo
Page 498 and 499: Spolaore P., Joannis C. C., Duran E
Page 500 and 501: DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONSK.
Page 502 and 503: disciplines and socialised in diffe
Page 504 and 505: 5. Corporate contextKSB is a medium
Page 506 and 507: Most important, BOS does not touch
Page 508 and 509: ongoing or expected changes in the
Page 510 and 511: 1Idea andevaluation2Clarif. ofobjec
Page 512 and 513: Arthur. 2009. The Nature of Technol
Page 514 and 515: SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS IN DESIGN
Page 516 and 517: Figure 1.Left: The various roles of
Page 518 and 519: longer product centred. It is widel
Page 520 and 521: the competence to help develop dema
Page 522 and 523: Figure 4.Survey framework: Dimensio
Page 524 and 525: gap. In our survey, the lack of con
Page 526 and 527: SUSTAINABILITY AND INDUSTRIAL DESIG
Page 528 and 529: “memories of the future” that e
Page 530 and 531: that it is quite common for compani
Page 532 and 533: 3. How will sustainability change:
Page 534 and 535: e sensitive to sustainability as th
Page 536 and 537: Industrial Designers Society of Ame
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