trends and future of sustainable development - TransEco

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Table 2.Operationalizing of attitudes (predictor variables) and post-materialistic behavior(outcome variable.)ATTITUDESPOST-MATERIAL BEHAVIOURGroup ”zero”:The least in a post-material way behavingparticipants (n = 118)Group ”one”:The most in a post-material way behavingparticipants (n = 80)3. ResultsA binary logistic regression was performed to see which set of 33 predicting variables best discriminatesthe least and most in a post-material way behaving participants. Analysis was performed using theconditional backward elimination model. The final regression model indicated on the17 th step that therewere 7 factors that separated the characteristics differentiating informants statistically significant:1. Health promoting lifestyle, p≤0.0002. Recycling, p≤0.0003. Organic food, p≤0.0004. Water conservation, p≤0.0015. Maintaining of civil society, p≤0.0146. Favoring eco-labeled products, p≤0.0457. Using renewable energy resources, p≤0.100188
The odds ratio of the 7 th variable was 1.96. According to Field (2009, 290) a variable with an oddsratio greater than 1 is supposed to take to the model. Cox and Snell pseudo R-square was .53 andNagelkerke pseudo R-square .71 indicating that the fit of the model to the data was moderate.Classification was good, with 78 % of the post-materialistic informants and 86 % of the less postmaterialisticinformants correctly predicted.The set of seven variables covered environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainability. Itmeans that an average Finnish student of social services supposed to be post-materialistic in her/hiseveryday life if he/she has positive attitudes towards health promoting lifestyle, recycling, organic food,water conservation, maintaining of civil society, favoring eco-labeled products and services, and favoringrenewable energy resources. In the following sections we describe the seven attitudinal predictors in thecontext of sustainability and sustainable society.4. DiscussionHealth-promoting lifestyle. Public health risks can be managed by habits and living conditions.According to long-term follow-up studies vegetarian diet, exercise, moderate alcohol use andnonsmoking can increase life expectancy on average 12–14 years, because these four factors significantlyreduce the risks of serious illnesses (Anderson et al. 2011; Li et al. 2011; Fung et al. 2010; Sinha et al.2009; Taylor et al. 2009; Gu et al. 2010; Khaw et al. 2008; Kvaavik et al. 2010; Norat et al. 2010;Wilkinson & Picket 2010, 73–75).A burden of various diseases can also be reduced by quarter if the world's nations managed to reducegreenhouse gas emissions (McKibben, 2010, 72–78; O’Dowd, 2009). It is about global justice becausepoor people suffer most of climate change (Wheeler, 2011) and 99 percent of people currently dying dueto climate change are children (Dara, 2010).Health and community are interconnected. Social participation provides defense against healththreateningrisks (Stansfeldt, 2006; Whitehead & Dahlgren 1991, 12). Human daily life is carried bymutual respect, relationships and trust. Social participation grows in supportive society. Social inclusionis a basic need and a crucial factor of identity. (Deci, 1995, 103; Diener & Seligman, 2004; Max-Neef1992, 206–207; Michaelson et al. 2009, 3–4; Raatikainen, 2011.) Cooperation increases pleasure, andhappiness of people correlates with good relationship and friendship (Cohen et al. 2010; Seligman,2002). The biggest barrier for the health promoting lifestyle is hurry in daily life (Salonen 2010, 227).Recycling. From the standpoint of nature consumption is a process with emissions and transferringnatural resources to landfills. From the human point of view consumption is a crucial part of materialwell-being and a base of economic growth. Sustainability takes account the fact that a safe operationbase for humanity is limited (Rockström, 2009, 473). Basic metals, for example, run out in a few tenyears in the current level of consumption. (Bleischwitz et al. 2009, 8; Jackson 2009, 10).Recycling means that disposed products, as well as most of wastes, are used as raw material formaking new ones. The amount of recycling, composting, and waste can be used as an indicator for189
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Hanna Lakkala & Jarmo Vehmas (edito
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
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Implementation of Total responsibil
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In addition, an expert panel chaire
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GROUPING AND RANKING THE EU-27 COUN
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objects, i.e. countries. The city b
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Motorization rate (number of cars/
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Cluster 7: Italy, SpainAs can be un
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The northwestern European cluster i
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ReferencesEurostat (2011) Eurostat
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The authors applied both the SUMMA
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3.1. SUMMA examplesEmissions are a
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sector not in the paid work sector
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sustainability. While non-use and e
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Figure 5.Fund-Flow analysis of Scot
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examination concern e.g. dispersal
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These interlinked themes strongly a
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Social sustainabilitySocial sustain
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Economic sustainabilityThe existenc
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Public transport is efficient (supp
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SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BI
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1. Introduction and BackgroundThe d
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3. Case StudiesTwo alternative scen
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(methodological, spatial and time-s
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Comparing with energy uses in Campa
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ESI 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.14% Renewable
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Kamm, B. - Kamm, M. (2004) Principl
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It is possible to identify five pre
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Case study applicationThe Cairngorm
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The language and terminology used b
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utility of MUSIASEM were less varie
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Our findings illustrate that relati
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McNie, E. C. 2007, "Reconciling the
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1. IntroductionRomania is a country
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Figure 2.The Manufacture sector has
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Figure 5.Between 2002 and 2006, Ele
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The database of net taxes on produc
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Serbanescu, I., 2007. Romania Under
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flows such as the residuals of prod
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Consumption (TMC) is a deriavite of
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6. Imported and Exported Material F
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points of view means that the use o
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TRENDS AND DRIVING FACTORS IN FINNI
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Figure 1.The interlinking of the fr
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Figure 3. The removal of total andc
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200150100500-50CO2FI/FECFIFECFI/VAF
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ReferencesBraczyk, P.H.J., Cooke, P
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“JUST BEGIN”A CASE STUDY IN CRE
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2. Materials and MethodsThe role of
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everyone some share in the land’s
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allowing for winter grazing and car
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Useful PrinciplesAn especially impo
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This approach necessarily has major
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POWERING THE FUTURE OF THE LEAST DE
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made interviews in a village that h
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was put on projects predominantly f
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(discussed in more detail in follow
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4. Solar Home System Program in Lao
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micro hydro has not received that m
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And the role of smaller scale solut
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has become in discourse level the m
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ReferencesBerliant, Leslie (2009) W
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DEVELOPING TIBET INTO A SPECIAL SUS
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are just a curiosity for festivals
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Environmental sustainabilityEnviron
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and towns under the reservoir. Howe
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ailways, airports and townships for
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(3) social needs: good relations an
Page 138 and 139: COPENHAGEN FAILURE AND NORTH-SOUTHD
Page 140 and 141: ”whoever defines the terms of the
Page 142 and 143: Blair makes a division between deve
Page 144 and 145: Issue 3: Action suggestionsOne of t
Page 146 and 147: change as a serious problem and und
Page 148 and 149: aspects. Through the scrutiny of le
Page 150 and 151: 50 000 ha are currently irrigated.
Page 152 and 153: Table 2.The main pieces of legislat
Page 154 and 155: Table 3.The main policy documents o
Page 156 and 157: However, the Zambian laws on sanita
Page 158 and 159: State House (2009). Updated on 16th
Page 160 and 161: Forum 2009). As agriculture is the
Page 162 and 163: 2005; Levy and Newell 2002). These
Page 164 and 165: The virtual water ‘flows’ embed
Page 166 and 167: value given to the other members of
Page 168 and 169: countries of operation, promoting m
Page 170 and 171: Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., (2
Page 172 and 173: 1723. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
Page 174 and 175: guarantee the consumer’s opportun
Page 176 and 177: 3. Growth of GDP doesn’t guarante
Page 178 and 179: Veblen’s observation on the inter
Page 180 and 181: overriding of the ‘interference o
Page 182 and 183: consumption has no centre point (or
Page 184 and 185: Habermas, J., 1968. Erkenntnis und
Page 186 and 187: 2010). However, people who prioriti
Page 190 and 191: material intensity, which is driven
Page 192 and 193: 225 cases of serious illness per te
Page 194 and 195: instance, to tax labor in the frame
Page 196 and 197: Anderson, A., Harris, T., Tylavsky,
Page 198 and 199: Heiskala, R. (2000). Toiminta, tapa
Page 200 and 201: Rauh, V., Arunajadai, S., Horton, M
Page 202 and 203: MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONSUMPTION- TW
Page 204 and 205: possibilities to participate in the
Page 206 and 207: udgets were mostly selected by expe
Page 208 and 209: Figure 1.Material footprint of the
Page 210 and 211: eference budgets. A reduction in li
Page 212 and 213: Schmidt-Bleek,F. (2009) The Earth:
Page 214 and 215: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIFE CYC
Page 216 and 217: Geels notes that for transitions to
Page 218 and 219: Hafkamp (2002), working from the ec
Page 220 and 221: 4.1. LCT based analysis as a test f
Page 222 and 223: effect, this image establishes a vi
Page 224 and 225: management strategies, it has been
Page 226 and 227: 5.2.3. Subsidiarity: Level of imple
Page 228 and 229: Council Directive. 2008. 2008/98/EC
Page 230 and 231: LAND USE FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION -
Page 232 and 233: Economic: part of the technical pot
Page 234 and 235: local food production system. Conse
Page 236 and 237: As can be seen from the graph above
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ReferencesBerndes G, Hoogwijk M, va
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DRIVERS AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE
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Figure 1.Dynamic and Folding Field
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esponses to an array of possible em
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Leadership and institutionsThe SEQC
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not preferable. Scenario 4: Transfo
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Figure 2.Practical responses across
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Wilber, Ken. 2001. A Theory of Ever
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2. Background and LiteratureSustain
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about environmental challenges. Sco
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interconnectedness of globalization
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ConclusionThe analysis of the data
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ReferencesAgenda 21, Chapter 36. Th
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2. Theory and LiteratureTo achieve
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There probably are professional dif
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design fields, 2 from economics and
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out. While there are some necessary
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J. (Eds.) Proceedings of LeNS Confe
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INNOVATIVE FISCAL POLICY IN THE CON
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3. A concept of innovative fiscal p
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transfers, and social contributions
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Although Finland can be ranked into
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which induced lower tax revenues -
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panacea; furthermore, unlegislated
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ReferencesAfonso, A. - Hauptmeier,
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In this paper are presented some fi
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The baseline scenario for 2011-2012
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Indirect effects: the increased wei
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AcknowledgementsThis paper was supp
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e added to the domestic hidden econ
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case when all household are involve
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(from 70.8% in 1997 to 63.1% in 200
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Appendix 1Shares of informal income
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H2 Estimations under the hypotheses
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1999). In this analysis the Finnish
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warming, growing environmental burd
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aggregate indicator. It is by no me
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Diefenbacher, H. 1994. The index of
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3147. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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themselves - both in day-to-day bus
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3. How do we arrive at big picture?
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Figure 3.Pillars of sustainability
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That communication, networking, and
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companies already consider the sust
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1. IntroductionCompanies leading in
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Figure 1.Sources of InnovationExami
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penetration of disruptive innovatio
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introduced by Canon which eventuall
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Scenario 4 - Disruptive Era: This i
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Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J. P. 200
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1. IntroductionTotal Quality manage
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Waddock and Graves, 1997). Neverthe
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organizations to discover and creat
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undertaken to pursue a sustainable
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and ways to enhance and effectively
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Waddock, SA & Graves, SB 1997. ‘T
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the company and its stakeholders. O
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persons. About 30% of the shares ar
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working groups and board of directo
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sustainability webpages and press r
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Näsi, Juha (1995) What is stakehol
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the indirect and inter-stakeholder
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In June 2005, the presidents of Uru
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examine the stakeholder relationshi
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Union expressed its’ support to t
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The analysis of this case illustrat
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Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R. & Narula,
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(Vandenbergh 2007; McBarnet and Kur
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Finally, enforceability is another
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3.2. OverviewThe legal scholarship
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law, transnational private regulati
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The SA8000, a certification based s
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As the analyzed literature shows, t
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Shaffer, G. and Pollack, M.A.., 201
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documents and to correct the disclo
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2.2. The EU CSR disclosure regimeSi
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The decision laid down the path for
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2011). More fundamental criticisms
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espect of the materiality of CSR re
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unexpected side effects as well. As
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HEITZMAN, S., WASLEY, C. E. & ZIMME
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4008. FUTURES METHODS
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1. IntroductionThe Finnish society
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Figure 2.An analysis on effectivene
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In the following the scenarios are
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Development corresponds closest to
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WILD CARDS AND
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infrastructure sector. Thus, the ne
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consulted the right experts or if w
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Tampere area and Lapin Kansa is pub
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Here are just a few examples of the
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transparent decision-making. If pol
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Local and Regional Authorities.http
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DELPHI ON TRANSPORT AND CO 2 EMISSI
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which had offered little informatio
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and sidewalks. The use and ownershi
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very slow decrease after the year 2
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emissions of the car, and the annua
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Finnish Government (2008) Long-term
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ANALYSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROA
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developed countries but not globall
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only are useful in stable condition
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analysis and literature survey form
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However, the survey did not give in
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DETR (1999) Sustainable distributio
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complex and systematic understandin
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The structure and aims of the paper
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Table 1.Steps of the ANT-derived me
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After the first iteration the impor
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in the real world? Since the lack o
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SMALL STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRAN
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Quantitative content analysis was p
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general, attitudes towards car tax
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Future orientation of the discussio
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public, there were little possibili
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46810. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
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meaningful components and compares
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fuel combustion. Positive values fo
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We analyse the changes in the count
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200180160140120100806040200Activity
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has had considerable impact on CO 2
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The structural decomposition analys
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Intensity effect on Final Energy Co
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%China, factors affecting CO 2 emis
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4. ConclusionsThe decomposition ana
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MICROALGAE AS A BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK:
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are dominating the international ag
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3.1.3. BiodiversityBiodiversity is
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Moreover, people attach more and mo
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important role in tackling with or
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Spolaore P., Joannis C. C., Duran E
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DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONSK.
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disciplines and socialised in diffe
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5. Corporate contextKSB is a medium
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Most important, BOS does not touch
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ongoing or expected changes in the
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1Idea andevaluation2Clarif. ofobjec
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Arthur. 2009. The Nature of Technol
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SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS IN DESIGN
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Figure 1.Left: The various roles of
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longer product centred. It is widel
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the competence to help develop dema
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Figure 4.Survey framework: Dimensio
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gap. In our survey, the lack of con
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SUSTAINABILITY AND INDUSTRIAL DESIG
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“memories of the future” that e
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that it is quite common for compani
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3. How will sustainability change:
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e sensitive to sustainability as th
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Industrial Designers Society of Ame
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