trends and future of sustainable development - TransEco

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points of view means that the use of materials must be reduced in order to minimise adverseenvironmental impacts while at the same time ever diminishing amounts of materials should produce arelatively increasing degree of economic welfare which is distributed in an increasingly equitable manner(Helminen 1998, 38).The Development of Finnish Eco-efficiency has been analysed according to EU guidelines by usingGDP -data and the material flow aggregates of FIN-MFA Accounting System. The trends of GDP/DMIand GDP/TMR are presented in figure 6.21,81,61,41,210,81960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005GDP/DMI GDP/TMRFigure 6. Development of Eco-efficiency of the Finnish Economy (1960=100)Figure 6 gives a quite worrying picture about the development of Finnish Eco-efficiency. Earlier Ecoefficiencyanalysis based on the Malinda Accounting system suggested improvement by Factor 2.2 inEco-Efficiency measured by GDP/DMF (see Hoffrén 2001). The improved FIN-MFA accounts cause thatthe increase in Eco-efficiency is remained much lower that earlier measured. It seems that Finnish Ecoefficiencyhas almost stabized since 1975 and has then only slightly improved. The ecomony-wide Ecoefficiencyanalysis describes only relative changes in input and output variables and forgets the absoluteglobal limits. However, in spite of this shorthcoming Eco-efficiency analysis provides new insight to thefunctioning of an economy as a whole. (e.g. see Hoffrén and Korhonen 2007, Hoffrén 2006)9. ConclusionsThe Finnish domestic material flow indicators are constantly growing. This also case with thedevelopment of material flows of foreign trade. There the main driver has been the growth of hiddenflows (ecological rucksacks). Although most increases in past have occurred during 1980’s, 1990’s and2000’s, their trends seem to be constantly growing. The Finnish DMI and TMR indicators imply noindication of dematerialization or immaterialisation processes as they have been constantly growing.Also the picture about the development of Finnish Eco-efficiency is quite a worrying one. The improvedFIN-MFA accounts cause that the increase in Eco-efficiency is remained much lower that earliermeasured. It seems that Finnish Eco-efficiency has almost stabilized since 1975 and has then onlyslightly improved.84
BibliographyAdriaanse A., S. Bringezu, A. Hammond, Y. Moriguchi. E. Rodenburg, D. Rogich and H. Schutz (1997),Resource Flows:The Material Basis of Industrial Economies. World Resources Institute (USA),Wuppertal Institute (Germany), Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning andEnvironment (The Netherlands) and National Institute for Economic Studies (Japan). Printed inUSA.Eurostat (2001), Economy-wide material flow accounts and derived indicators – A methodologicalguide. Luxembourg. Available at World Wide Web: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-34-00-536/EN/KS-34-00-536-EN.PDFGiljum S., F. Hinterberger, M. Wackernagel and J. Kitzes (2006), Resource Use Indicators in theEuropean Union. Policy Processes, Indicator Sets and Criteria for a Heanline Indicator. TheAachen Foundation. www.aachenfoundation.orgHelminen R. (1998), Eco-efficiency in the Finnish and Swedish Pulp and Paper Industry. ActaPolytechnica Scandinavica. Mathematics, Computing and Management in Engineering Series No.90. Espoo.Hinterberger F., F. Luks, and F. Schmidt-Bleek (1997), Material flows vs. "natural capital". What makesan economy sustainable? Ecological Economics, 23, 1-14.Hoffrén J. and Korhonen J. (2007), Editorial: Eco-efficiency is important when it is strategic. Progressin Industrial Ecology 4:1/2 - An International Journal, 1-18.Hoffrén J. (2006), Reconsidering quantification of eco-efficiency: Application to a national economy.Progress in Industrial Ecology 3:6 - An International Journal. Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. 538-558.Hoffrén J. (2001), Measuring the Eco-efficiency of Welfare Generation in a National Economy: TheCase of Finland. Statistics Finland. Research Reports 233. Hakapaino. Helsinki.Ritthof M., H. Rohn and C. Liedtke in cooperation with Merten T.( 2002), Calculating MIPS. Resourceproductivity of products and services. Wuppertal Spezial 27e. Wuppertal Institute for Climate,Environment and Energy at the Science Centre North Rhine-Westphalia. Visualisation Lab.Wuppertal Insititute. Available at World Wide Web:http://www.wupperinst.org/en/info/entnd/index.html?&beitrag_id=257&bid=16985
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Hanna Lakkala & Jarmo Vehmas (edito
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
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Implementation of Total responsibil
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In addition, an expert panel chaire
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GROUPING AND RANKING THE EU-27 COUN
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objects, i.e. countries. The city b
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Motorization rate (number of cars/
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Cluster 7: Italy, SpainAs can be un
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The northwestern European cluster i
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ReferencesEurostat (2011) Eurostat
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The authors applied both the SUMMA
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3.1. SUMMA examplesEmissions are a
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sector not in the paid work sector
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sustainability. While non-use and e
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Figure 5.Fund-Flow analysis of Scot
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examination concern e.g. dispersal
Page 34 and 35: These interlinked themes strongly a
Page 36 and 37: Social sustainabilitySocial sustain
Page 38 and 39: Economic sustainabilityThe existenc
Page 40 and 41: Public transport is efficient (supp
Page 42 and 43: SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BI
Page 44 and 45: 1. Introduction and BackgroundThe d
Page 46 and 47: 3. Case StudiesTwo alternative scen
Page 48 and 49: (methodological, spatial and time-s
Page 50 and 51: Comparing with energy uses in Campa
Page 52 and 53: ESI 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.14% Renewable
Page 54 and 55: Kamm, B. - Kamm, M. (2004) Principl
Page 56 and 57: It is possible to identify five pre
Page 58 and 59: Case study applicationThe Cairngorm
Page 60 and 61: The language and terminology used b
Page 62 and 63: utility of MUSIASEM were less varie
Page 64 and 65: Our findings illustrate that relati
Page 66 and 67: McNie, E. C. 2007, "Reconciling the
Page 68 and 69: 1. IntroductionRomania is a country
Page 70 and 71: Figure 2.The Manufacture sector has
Page 72 and 73: Figure 5.Between 2002 and 2006, Ele
Page 74 and 75: The database of net taxes on produc
Page 76 and 77: Serbanescu, I., 2007. Romania Under
Page 78 and 79: flows such as the residuals of prod
Page 80 and 81: Consumption (TMC) is a deriavite of
Page 82 and 83: 6. Imported and Exported Material F
Page 86 and 87: TRENDS AND DRIVING FACTORS IN FINNI
Page 88 and 89: Figure 1.The interlinking of the fr
Page 90 and 91: Figure 3. The removal of total andc
Page 92 and 93: 200150100500-50CO2FI/FECFIFECFI/VAF
Page 94 and 95: ReferencesBraczyk, P.H.J., Cooke, P
Page 96 and 97: “JUST BEGIN”A CASE STUDY IN CRE
Page 98 and 99: 2. Materials and MethodsThe role of
Page 100 and 101: everyone some share in the land’s
Page 102 and 103: allowing for winter grazing and car
Page 104 and 105: Useful PrinciplesAn especially impo
Page 106 and 107: This approach necessarily has major
Page 108 and 109: POWERING THE FUTURE OF THE LEAST DE
Page 110 and 111: made interviews in a village that h
Page 112 and 113: was put on projects predominantly f
Page 114 and 115: (discussed in more detail in follow
Page 116 and 117: 4. Solar Home System Program in Lao
Page 118 and 119: micro hydro has not received that m
Page 120 and 121: And the role of smaller scale solut
Page 122 and 123: has become in discourse level the m
Page 124 and 125: ReferencesBerliant, Leslie (2009) W
Page 126 and 127: DEVELOPING TIBET INTO A SPECIAL SUS
Page 128 and 129: are just a curiosity for festivals
Page 130 and 131: Environmental sustainabilityEnviron
Page 132 and 133: and towns under the reservoir. Howe
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ailways, airports and townships for
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(3) social needs: good relations an
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COPENHAGEN FAILURE AND NORTH-SOUTHD
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”whoever defines the terms of the
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Blair makes a division between deve
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Issue 3: Action suggestionsOne of t
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change as a serious problem and und
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aspects. Through the scrutiny of le
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50 000 ha are currently irrigated.
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Table 2.The main pieces of legislat
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Table 3.The main policy documents o
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However, the Zambian laws on sanita
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State House (2009). Updated on 16th
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Forum 2009). As agriculture is the
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2005; Levy and Newell 2002). These
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The virtual water ‘flows’ embed
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value given to the other members of
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countries of operation, promoting m
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Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., (2
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1723. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
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guarantee the consumer’s opportun
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3. Growth of GDP doesn’t guarante
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Veblen’s observation on the inter
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overriding of the ‘interference o
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consumption has no centre point (or
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Habermas, J., 1968. Erkenntnis und
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2010). However, people who prioriti
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Table 2.Operationalizing of attitud
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material intensity, which is driven
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225 cases of serious illness per te
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instance, to tax labor in the frame
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Anderson, A., Harris, T., Tylavsky,
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Heiskala, R. (2000). Toiminta, tapa
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Rauh, V., Arunajadai, S., Horton, M
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MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONSUMPTION- TW
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possibilities to participate in the
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udgets were mostly selected by expe
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Figure 1.Material footprint of the
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eference budgets. A reduction in li
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Schmidt-Bleek,F. (2009) The Earth:
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIFE CYC
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Geels notes that for transitions to
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Hafkamp (2002), working from the ec
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4.1. LCT based analysis as a test f
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effect, this image establishes a vi
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management strategies, it has been
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5.2.3. Subsidiarity: Level of imple
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Council Directive. 2008. 2008/98/EC
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LAND USE FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION -
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Economic: part of the technical pot
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local food production system. Conse
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As can be seen from the graph above
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ReferencesBerndes G, Hoogwijk M, va
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DRIVERS AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE
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Figure 1.Dynamic and Folding Field
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esponses to an array of possible em
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Leadership and institutionsThe SEQC
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not preferable. Scenario 4: Transfo
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Figure 2.Practical responses across
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Wilber, Ken. 2001. A Theory of Ever
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2. Background and LiteratureSustain
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about environmental challenges. Sco
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interconnectedness of globalization
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ConclusionThe analysis of the data
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ReferencesAgenda 21, Chapter 36. Th
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2. Theory and LiteratureTo achieve
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There probably are professional dif
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design fields, 2 from economics and
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out. While there are some necessary
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J. (Eds.) Proceedings of LeNS Confe
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INNOVATIVE FISCAL POLICY IN THE CON
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3. A concept of innovative fiscal p
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transfers, and social contributions
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Although Finland can be ranked into
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which induced lower tax revenues -
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panacea; furthermore, unlegislated
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ReferencesAfonso, A. - Hauptmeier,
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In this paper are presented some fi
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The baseline scenario for 2011-2012
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Indirect effects: the increased wei
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AcknowledgementsThis paper was supp
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e added to the domestic hidden econ
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case when all household are involve
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(from 70.8% in 1997 to 63.1% in 200
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Appendix 1Shares of informal income
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H2 Estimations under the hypotheses
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1999). In this analysis the Finnish
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warming, growing environmental burd
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aggregate indicator. It is by no me
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Diefenbacher, H. 1994. The index of
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3147. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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themselves - both in day-to-day bus
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3. How do we arrive at big picture?
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Figure 3.Pillars of sustainability
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That communication, networking, and
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companies already consider the sust
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1. IntroductionCompanies leading in
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Figure 1.Sources of InnovationExami
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penetration of disruptive innovatio
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introduced by Canon which eventuall
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Scenario 4 - Disruptive Era: This i
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Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J. P. 200
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1. IntroductionTotal Quality manage
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Waddock and Graves, 1997). Neverthe
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organizations to discover and creat
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undertaken to pursue a sustainable
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and ways to enhance and effectively
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Waddock, SA & Graves, SB 1997. ‘T
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the company and its stakeholders. O
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persons. About 30% of the shares ar
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working groups and board of directo
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sustainability webpages and press r
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Näsi, Juha (1995) What is stakehol
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the indirect and inter-stakeholder
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In June 2005, the presidents of Uru
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examine the stakeholder relationshi
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Union expressed its’ support to t
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The analysis of this case illustrat
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Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R. & Narula,
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(Vandenbergh 2007; McBarnet and Kur
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Finally, enforceability is another
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3.2. OverviewThe legal scholarship
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law, transnational private regulati
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The SA8000, a certification based s
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As the analyzed literature shows, t
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Shaffer, G. and Pollack, M.A.., 201
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documents and to correct the disclo
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2.2. The EU CSR disclosure regimeSi
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The decision laid down the path for
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2011). More fundamental criticisms
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espect of the materiality of CSR re
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unexpected side effects as well. As
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HEITZMAN, S., WASLEY, C. E. & ZIMME
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4008. FUTURES METHODS
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1. IntroductionThe Finnish society
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Figure 2.An analysis on effectivene
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In the following the scenarios are
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Development corresponds closest to
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WILD CARDS AND
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infrastructure sector. Thus, the ne
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consulted the right experts or if w
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Tampere area and Lapin Kansa is pub
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Here are just a few examples of the
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transparent decision-making. If pol
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Local and Regional Authorities.http
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DELPHI ON TRANSPORT AND CO 2 EMISSI
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which had offered little informatio
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and sidewalks. The use and ownershi
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very slow decrease after the year 2
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emissions of the car, and the annua
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Finnish Government (2008) Long-term
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ANALYSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROA
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developed countries but not globall
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only are useful in stable condition
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analysis and literature survey form
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However, the survey did not give in
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DETR (1999) Sustainable distributio
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complex and systematic understandin
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The structure and aims of the paper
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Table 1.Steps of the ANT-derived me
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After the first iteration the impor
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in the real world? Since the lack o
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SMALL STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRAN
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Quantitative content analysis was p
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general, attitudes towards car tax
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Future orientation of the discussio
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public, there were little possibili
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46810. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
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meaningful components and compares
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fuel combustion. Positive values fo
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We analyse the changes in the count
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200180160140120100806040200Activity
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has had considerable impact on CO 2
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The structural decomposition analys
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Intensity effect on Final Energy Co
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%China, factors affecting CO 2 emis
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4. ConclusionsThe decomposition ana
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MICROALGAE AS A BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK:
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are dominating the international ag
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3.1.3. BiodiversityBiodiversity is
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Moreover, people attach more and mo
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important role in tackling with or
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Spolaore P., Joannis C. C., Duran E
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DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONSK.
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disciplines and socialised in diffe
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5. Corporate contextKSB is a medium
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Most important, BOS does not touch
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ongoing or expected changes in the
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1Idea andevaluation2Clarif. ofobjec
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Arthur. 2009. The Nature of Technol
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SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS IN DESIGN
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Figure 1.Left: The various roles of
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longer product centred. It is widel
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the competence to help develop dema
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Figure 4.Survey framework: Dimensio
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gap. In our survey, the lack of con
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SUSTAINABILITY AND INDUSTRIAL DESIG
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“memories of the future” that e
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that it is quite common for compani
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3. How will sustainability change:
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e sensitive to sustainability as th
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Industrial Designers Society of Ame
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