trends and future of sustainable development - TransEco

et al. 2007). In Finland a third of household’s energy consumption consists heating of water (Helen,2008). Pleasure-loving is the most significant obstacle for economical use of water in households inFinland (Salonen, 2010, 225).Maintaining of civil society. Securing of individual and personal capabilities supports individualfreedom and social participation (Sen, 1992; Nussbaum, 1995). Inclusion and cohesion requires aneffective and representative local government, strong organizations, participatory planning and access toknowledge, cooperation and partnerships (Roseland & Soots 2007). Modern society is characterized byflexible and aware communities as well as creativity and ability to respond to changing needs (Wilkinson& Pickett, 2010, 270).Market economy is based on competition between producers. Thinking like an economistundermines community because individuals are looking for financial gain which reduces theattractiveness of cooperation and sharing (Marglin, 2008). However, a strong local economy canrepresent deep-rooted culture of democracy, where communities are able to take a part to decisionmaking (Shuman, 2010, 11). A major obstacle to fostering of civil society is that citizens feel they are notable to influence in public affairs. Another obstacle is lack of time (Salonen, 2010, 215).Favoring the eco-labeled products and services. Favoring of eco-labeled products involves a holisticapproach. It pays attention to the harms of the product manufacturing and usage. These improvementsbenefit the company, customer and nature. The eco-label guarantees that products and services considerthe environmental and social impacts, which also include health risks for the consumer. Eco-efficientproduction will not strain the nature with waste. Goods are recyclable or decomposable. A warranty andrepairing option ensure the quality and durability of the product. (Auranmaa, 2009; Salminen, 2009;Wilberg, 2009.)Consumers are ready to pay more for the product if the supply chain is transparent. Supply chainmanagement is particularly difficult in electronics. The challenge is how to consider the complex effectsof the metal mining in developing countries, circumstances of employees in manufacturing plants, andthe processing of hazardous waste. (Assadourian, 2006, 209; Bleischwitz et al. 2009; Brown, 2008;Edwards, 2005, 128–130; Nordbrand 2009; Schmidt-Bleek, 2000.)Favoring the use of renewable energy resources. Current methods to produce and consume energywill lead to irreversible changes in the Earth. (IEA, 2008 and 2009). The use of coal has grown globallysix years in consecutively even if it is the most polluting source of energy – in Finland the grown was 25percent in 2010 (Russel, 2009; Statistic Finland, 2011). Fossil energy sources were supported bygovernments five times more than renewable energy sources in 2010 (IEA 2011). Furthermore coal isoften imported from countries which have not ratified the International Labour Organization'sagreement on health and safety in mining (Mäkelä & Pöyhönen, 2010).The way the energy producing is linked to the ecological integrity and safeguarding of biodiversity. Itis also linked to democracy, nonviolence and peaceful co-existence of people. Accelerating emissions alsopromote erosion of land, which is a threat to stable and flourishing societies. 1 They have also impacts tothe public health. Europe coal is responsible for .12 deaths from accidents, 25 deaths from pollution and1Climate change has strong negative effects on human health and nutrition (DARA 2010; UNDP 2008; Wheeler2011).191