trends and future of sustainable development - TransEco

The odds ratio of the 7 th variable was 1.96. According to Field (2009, 290) a variable with an oddsratio greater than 1 is supposed to take to the model. Cox and Snell pseudo R-square was .53 andNagelkerke pseudo R-square .71 indicating that the fit of the model to the data was moderate.Classification was good, with 78 % of the post-materialistic informants and 86 % of the less postmaterialisticinformants correctly predicted.The set of seven variables covered environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainability. Itmeans that an average Finnish student of social services supposed to be post-materialistic in her/hiseveryday life if he/she has positive attitudes towards health promoting lifestyle, recycling, organic food,water conservation, maintaining of civil society, favoring eco-labeled products and services, and favoringrenewable energy resources. In the following sections we describe the seven attitudinal predictors in thecontext of sustainability and sustainable society.4. DiscussionHealth-promoting lifestyle. Public health risks can be managed by habits and living conditions.According to long-term follow-up studies vegetarian diet, exercise, moderate alcohol use andnonsmoking can increase life expectancy on average 12–14 years, because these four factors significantlyreduce the risks of serious illnesses (Anderson et al. 2011; Li et al. 2011; Fung et al. 2010; Sinha et al.2009; Taylor et al. 2009; Gu et al. 2010; Khaw et al. 2008; Kvaavik et al. 2010; Norat et al. 2010;Wilkinson & Picket 2010, 73–75).A burden of various diseases can also be reduced by quarter if the world's nations managed to reducegreenhouse gas emissions (McKibben, 2010, 72–78; O’Dowd, 2009). It is about global justice becausepoor people suffer most of climate change (Wheeler, 2011) and 99 percent of people currently dying dueto climate change are children (Dara, 2010).Health and community are interconnected. Social participation provides defense against healththreateningrisks (Stansfeldt, 2006; Whitehead & Dahlgren 1991, 12). Human daily life is carried bymutual respect, relationships and trust. Social participation grows in supportive society. Social inclusionis a basic need and a crucial factor of identity. (Deci, 1995, 103; Diener & Seligman, 2004; Max-Neef1992, 206–207; Michaelson et al. 2009, 3–4; Raatikainen, 2011.) Cooperation increases pleasure, andhappiness of people correlates with good relationship and friendship (Cohen et al. 2010; Seligman,2002). The biggest barrier for the health promoting lifestyle is hurry in daily life (Salonen 2010, 227).Recycling. From the standpoint of nature consumption is a process with emissions and transferringnatural resources to landfills. From the human point of view consumption is a crucial part of materialwell-being and a base of economic growth. Sustainability takes account the fact that a safe operationbase for humanity is limited (Rockström, 2009, 473). Basic metals, for example, run out in a few tenyears in the current level of consumption. (Bleischwitz et al. 2009, 8; Jackson 2009, 10).Recycling means that disposed products, as well as most of wastes, are used as raw material formaking new ones. The amount of recycling, composting, and waste can be used as an indicator for189