trends and future of sustainable development - TransEco

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e sensitive to sustainability as the Aware Consumers scenario suggests, but until this point is reachedseparating between the sustainable and the non-sustainable – whether from an ethical or aestheticalperspective – is not likely to push sustainability from niche to mainstream.Last, whether sustainability becomes normative or not, design methodologies for addressingsustainability should be developed substantially. The interviews showed that the problem is not so muchof how to design for sustainability but on how to assess, compare and justify some actions over othersand communicate them in a meaningful way. This calls for the development of easy to use, robustanalysis tools that are easily adapted to the design workflow. Especially if sustainability becomes anormative quality and contextual requirement, justifying actions has to be based on solid andtransparent evidence. Moreover, the current methods for addressing sustainability focus mainly ondecreasing the impacts of production (see eg. Lewis et al. 2001) and offer very little insight into how toengage consumers in sustainable consumption or make sustainability meaningful to them. Also, inscenarios where sustainability has advanced, whether through technological improvements or marketpull, the shifts suggest a change in methodologies by making certain approaches obsolete (ie. if all energyis clean, is there a need to design appliances for low energy use?). Therefore, as suggested by Saritas &Aylen, foresight through scenarios and road-mapping should be used extensively in order to recognizeto-be obsolescent approaches well in advance (Saritas & Aylen 2010, 1073).5. DiscussionThis article has identified barriers that have slowed down the adoption of sustainable design methods inindustrial design practice and put forward key issues that need to be tackled in the future in order forsustainable design to gain wider appeal. However, the scope of this paper is rather limited, a lot of workin this area remains to be done. First of all, the focus of this article – Finnish design and environmentalsustainability – is rather limited: some issues, such as the methodological problems are global in naturebut whether the strong political stigma of sustainability is shared in other countries remains to besolved. Second, this article has looked at things from the perspective of design and while it givesreasonably good explanations for the witnessed barriers, more input from the context, ie. the industryand market on the same topic should be gathered in order to provide more robust solutions to theproblems of institutionalization (for example, the lack of pull might just as well be a result of aperception that design is not capable of or willing to handle sustainability issues).Despite these limitations, this paper does provide relevant questions to address in future research.One prominent area to look at is communication. As designers are often seen as synthesizers betweenvarious interests groups in product development, the importance of mediating information betweendifferent stakeholders and interest groups in a manner that is meaningful throughout the network ofactors is and essential topic to explore.534
Appendix 11. “Sustainability has always a been my personal interest but if I think of my basic studies it was noton the agenda then in any way, the 80’s was just fast forward...”2. “In practice the development [of sustainability] has been left to the level of what legislation andEU-directives demand… Not many companies see it [sustainability] as a competitive benefit so thatthey would actually do more than what is required.”3. “It was very rare [that companies requested sustainability], sometimes we tried to push itforward. And I recall that we tried to avoid some bad plastics or whatever small things you were ableto do.”4. “In the 60’s the environmental was very close to the hippie movement and the environmentalradicalism that followed gave it a very strong image of societal criticism and this surely causedproblems with the industry.”5. “Sustainable design has been given this ‘recycling-reputation’…Maybe in the initial stages itsimportant to manifest it by doing things from used bottle caps but that makes it lookunprofessional…”6. “I believe that there’s a lot of emotion brought in when you start speaking of sustainabledevelopment… A lot of old preconceptions of preaching.”7. “We should get that sort of tools that you could somehow evaluate manufacturing methods andwhere the product is made, so that you could physically somehow count things, you could get factualdata.”8. “Quantitative methods work quite well especially when dealing with corporate management”9. “Sustainability was present a lot during my studies as a topic… but that there would have beensomething genuinely knowledge-based and useful I don’t recall.”ReferencesBarley, Stephen.R – Tolbert, Pamela S. (1997) Institutionalization and Structuration: Studying the Linksbetween Action and Institution, Organization Studies, 18(1), pp.93 -117.Charter, Martin – Tischner, Ursula (eds.) (2001) Sustainable Solutions: Developing Products andServices for the Future. Sheffield: Greenleaf.de Geus, Arie (1999/1997) The Living Company: Growth Learning and Longevity in Business.Paperback edition. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.FIMECC (2011) Main page. http://www.fimecc.com/en/index.php/Main_Page [retrieved 6.5.2011]Haanaes, Knut – Balagopal, Balu – Kong, Ming Teck – Velken, Ingrid – Arthur, David – Hopkins,Michael S. – Kruschwitz, Nina (2011) The ‘Embracers’ Seize Advantage, MIT Sloan ManagementReview, Vol. 52(3). http://c0426007.cdn2.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/MIT-SMR-BCGsustainability-the-embracers-seize-advantage-2011.pdf[retrieved 12.4.2011]Heiskanen, Eva (2000) Translations of an Environmental Technique – Institutionalization of the LifeCycle Approach in Business, Policy and Research Networks. Dissertation. Helsinki School ofEconomics and Business Administration.Holopainen, Mari – Järvinen, Juha (eds.) (2006) Muotoilun toimialakartoitus 2006. Helsinki:Designium. http://www.taik.fi/images/stories/Palvelut_Designium/TOIMIALAKARTOITUS_06_fix.pdf [retrieved 7.11.2010].535
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Hanna Lakkala & Jarmo Vehmas (edito
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
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Implementation of Total responsibil
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In addition, an expert panel chaire
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GROUPING AND RANKING THE EU-27 COUN
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objects, i.e. countries. The city b
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Motorization rate (number of cars/
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Cluster 7: Italy, SpainAs can be un
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The northwestern European cluster i
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ReferencesEurostat (2011) Eurostat
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The authors applied both the SUMMA
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3.1. SUMMA examplesEmissions are a
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sector not in the paid work sector
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sustainability. While non-use and e
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Figure 5.Fund-Flow analysis of Scot
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examination concern e.g. dispersal
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These interlinked themes strongly a
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Social sustainabilitySocial sustain
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Economic sustainabilityThe existenc
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Public transport is efficient (supp
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SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BI
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1. Introduction and BackgroundThe d
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3. Case StudiesTwo alternative scen
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(methodological, spatial and time-s
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Comparing with energy uses in Campa
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ESI 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.14% Renewable
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Kamm, B. - Kamm, M. (2004) Principl
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It is possible to identify five pre
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Case study applicationThe Cairngorm
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The language and terminology used b
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utility of MUSIASEM were less varie
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Our findings illustrate that relati
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McNie, E. C. 2007, "Reconciling the
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1. IntroductionRomania is a country
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Figure 2.The Manufacture sector has
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Figure 5.Between 2002 and 2006, Ele
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The database of net taxes on produc
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Serbanescu, I., 2007. Romania Under
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flows such as the residuals of prod
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Consumption (TMC) is a deriavite of
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6. Imported and Exported Material F
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points of view means that the use o
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TRENDS AND DRIVING FACTORS IN FINNI
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Figure 1.The interlinking of the fr
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Figure 3. The removal of total andc
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200150100500-50CO2FI/FECFIFECFI/VAF
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ReferencesBraczyk, P.H.J., Cooke, P
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“JUST BEGIN”A CASE STUDY IN CRE
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2. Materials and MethodsThe role of
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everyone some share in the land’s
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allowing for winter grazing and car
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Useful PrinciplesAn especially impo
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This approach necessarily has major
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POWERING THE FUTURE OF THE LEAST DE
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made interviews in a village that h
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was put on projects predominantly f
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(discussed in more detail in follow
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4. Solar Home System Program in Lao
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micro hydro has not received that m
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And the role of smaller scale solut
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has become in discourse level the m
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ReferencesBerliant, Leslie (2009) W
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DEVELOPING TIBET INTO A SPECIAL SUS
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are just a curiosity for festivals
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Environmental sustainabilityEnviron
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and towns under the reservoir. Howe
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ailways, airports and townships for
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(3) social needs: good relations an
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COPENHAGEN FAILURE AND NORTH-SOUTHD
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”whoever defines the terms of the
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Blair makes a division between deve
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Issue 3: Action suggestionsOne of t
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change as a serious problem and und
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aspects. Through the scrutiny of le
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50 000 ha are currently irrigated.
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Table 2.The main pieces of legislat
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Table 3.The main policy documents o
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However, the Zambian laws on sanita
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State House (2009). Updated on 16th
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Forum 2009). As agriculture is the
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2005; Levy and Newell 2002). These
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The virtual water ‘flows’ embed
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value given to the other members of
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countries of operation, promoting m
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Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., (2
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1723. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
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guarantee the consumer’s opportun
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3. Growth of GDP doesn’t guarante
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Veblen’s observation on the inter
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overriding of the ‘interference o
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consumption has no centre point (or
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Habermas, J., 1968. Erkenntnis und
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2010). However, people who prioriti
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Table 2.Operationalizing of attitud
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material intensity, which is driven
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225 cases of serious illness per te
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instance, to tax labor in the frame
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Anderson, A., Harris, T., Tylavsky,
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Heiskala, R. (2000). Toiminta, tapa
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Rauh, V., Arunajadai, S., Horton, M
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MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONSUMPTION- TW
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possibilities to participate in the
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udgets were mostly selected by expe
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Figure 1.Material footprint of the
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eference budgets. A reduction in li
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Schmidt-Bleek,F. (2009) The Earth:
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIFE CYC
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Geels notes that for transitions to
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Hafkamp (2002), working from the ec
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4.1. LCT based analysis as a test f
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effect, this image establishes a vi
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management strategies, it has been
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5.2.3. Subsidiarity: Level of imple
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Council Directive. 2008. 2008/98/EC
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LAND USE FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION -
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Economic: part of the technical pot
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local food production system. Conse
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As can be seen from the graph above
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ReferencesBerndes G, Hoogwijk M, va
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DRIVERS AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE
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Figure 1.Dynamic and Folding Field
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esponses to an array of possible em
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Leadership and institutionsThe SEQC
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not preferable. Scenario 4: Transfo
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Figure 2.Practical responses across
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Wilber, Ken. 2001. A Theory of Ever
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2. Background and LiteratureSustain
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about environmental challenges. Sco
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interconnectedness of globalization
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ConclusionThe analysis of the data
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ReferencesAgenda 21, Chapter 36. Th
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2. Theory and LiteratureTo achieve
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There probably are professional dif
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design fields, 2 from economics and
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out. While there are some necessary
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J. (Eds.) Proceedings of LeNS Confe
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INNOVATIVE FISCAL POLICY IN THE CON
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3. A concept of innovative fiscal p
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transfers, and social contributions
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Although Finland can be ranked into
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which induced lower tax revenues -
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panacea; furthermore, unlegislated
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ReferencesAfonso, A. - Hauptmeier,
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In this paper are presented some fi
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The baseline scenario for 2011-2012
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Indirect effects: the increased wei
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AcknowledgementsThis paper was supp
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e added to the domestic hidden econ
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case when all household are involve
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(from 70.8% in 1997 to 63.1% in 200
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Appendix 1Shares of informal income
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H2 Estimations under the hypotheses
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1999). In this analysis the Finnish
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warming, growing environmental burd
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aggregate indicator. It is by no me
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Diefenbacher, H. 1994. The index of
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3147. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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themselves - both in day-to-day bus
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3. How do we arrive at big picture?
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Figure 3.Pillars of sustainability
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That communication, networking, and
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companies already consider the sust
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1. IntroductionCompanies leading in
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Figure 1.Sources of InnovationExami
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penetration of disruptive innovatio
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introduced by Canon which eventuall
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Scenario 4 - Disruptive Era: This i
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Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J. P. 200
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1. IntroductionTotal Quality manage
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Waddock and Graves, 1997). Neverthe
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organizations to discover and creat
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undertaken to pursue a sustainable
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and ways to enhance and effectively
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Waddock, SA & Graves, SB 1997. ‘T
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the company and its stakeholders. O
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persons. About 30% of the shares ar
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working groups and board of directo
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sustainability webpages and press r
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Näsi, Juha (1995) What is stakehol
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the indirect and inter-stakeholder
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In June 2005, the presidents of Uru
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examine the stakeholder relationshi
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Union expressed its’ support to t
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The analysis of this case illustrat
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Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R. & Narula,
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(Vandenbergh 2007; McBarnet and Kur
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Finally, enforceability is another
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3.2. OverviewThe legal scholarship
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law, transnational private regulati
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The SA8000, a certification based s
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As the analyzed literature shows, t
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Shaffer, G. and Pollack, M.A.., 201
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documents and to correct the disclo
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2.2. The EU CSR disclosure regimeSi
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The decision laid down the path for
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2011). More fundamental criticisms
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espect of the materiality of CSR re
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unexpected side effects as well. As
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HEITZMAN, S., WASLEY, C. E. & ZIMME
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4008. FUTURES METHODS
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1. IntroductionThe Finnish society
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Figure 2.An analysis on effectivene
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In the following the scenarios are
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Development corresponds closest to
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WILD CARDS AND
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infrastructure sector. Thus, the ne
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consulted the right experts or if w
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Tampere area and Lapin Kansa is pub
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Here are just a few examples of the
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transparent decision-making. If pol
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Local and Regional Authorities.http
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DELPHI ON TRANSPORT AND CO 2 EMISSI
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which had offered little informatio
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and sidewalks. The use and ownershi
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very slow decrease after the year 2
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emissions of the car, and the annua
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Finnish Government (2008) Long-term
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ANALYSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROA
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developed countries but not globall
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only are useful in stable condition
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analysis and literature survey form
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However, the survey did not give in
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DETR (1999) Sustainable distributio
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complex and systematic understandin
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The structure and aims of the paper
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Table 1.Steps of the ANT-derived me
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After the first iteration the impor
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in the real world? Since the lack o
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SMALL STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRAN
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Quantitative content analysis was p
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general, attitudes towards car tax
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Future orientation of the discussio
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public, there were little possibili
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46810. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
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meaningful components and compares
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fuel combustion. Positive values fo
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We analyse the changes in the count
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200180160140120100806040200Activity
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has had considerable impact on CO 2
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The structural decomposition analys
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Intensity effect on Final Energy Co
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Page 486 and 487: 4. ConclusionsThe decomposition ana
Page 488 and 489: MICROALGAE AS A BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK:
Page 490 and 491: are dominating the international ag
Page 492 and 493: 3.1.3. BiodiversityBiodiversity is
Page 494 and 495: Moreover, people attach more and mo
Page 496 and 497: important role in tackling with or
Page 498 and 499: Spolaore P., Joannis C. C., Duran E
Page 500 and 501: DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONSK.
Page 502 and 503: disciplines and socialised in diffe
Page 504 and 505: 5. Corporate contextKSB is a medium
Page 506 and 507: Most important, BOS does not touch
Page 508 and 509: ongoing or expected changes in the
Page 510 and 511: 1Idea andevaluation2Clarif. ofobjec
Page 512 and 513: Arthur. 2009. The Nature of Technol
Page 514 and 515: SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS IN DESIGN
Page 516 and 517: Figure 1.Left: The various roles of
Page 518 and 519: longer product centred. It is widel
Page 520 and 521: the competence to help develop dema
Page 522 and 523: Figure 4.Survey framework: Dimensio
Page 524 and 525: gap. In our survey, the lack of con
Page 526 and 527: SUSTAINABILITY AND INDUSTRIAL DESIG
Page 528 and 529: “memories of the future” that e
Page 530 and 531: that it is quite common for compani
Page 532 and 533: 3. How will sustainability change:
Page 536 and 537: Industrial Designers Society of Ame
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