trends and future of sustainable development - TransEco

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State House (2009). Updated on 16th Dec 2009. Referred to on 4th July 2010. Available at[www.statehouse.gov.zm].Swedish Embassy (2010). Interviewed on 24 th June 2010.UNICEF (2008), State of the World’s Children Report, UNICEF, New York.UNICEF (2010), Zambia, Statistics. Updated on 2 nd March 2010, referred to on 10 th July 2010. Availableat [http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/zambia_statistics.html].Water Supply and Sanitation Act (1997), the National Assembly of Zambia. Available online at[www.parliament.gov.zm].Water Act (1994), the National Assembly of Zambia. Available online at [www.parliament.gov.zm].158
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF WATER SECURITY INAGRO-FOOD VALUE CHAINS AND NETWORKSSuvi SojamoWater & Development Research Group, Aalto University, Finland 1ABSTRACT This study investigates the sustainability of water security and the global politicaleconomy of agro-food value chains and networks. As agriculture is the biggest water user sector, it isemphasized that crucial decisions regarding water security are made by farmers managing irrigationefficiency with different techniques and water endowments, by traders sourcing from farmers indifferent parts of the world, by processors branding their products, by retailers setting valuestandards to their brands and by the consumers buying the products.However, as power in the global value chains and networks is concentrating in the hands of fewconglomerates of transnational corporations and state-led enterprises especially from China, there arestark asymmetries in decision making between different parts of the agro-food system in the global“South” and “North”. The findings of the study suggest that the growing water security risks mayfurther change the dynamics of the agro-food system for the benefit of the powerful bargaining actors.Hence, in order to ensure sustainability of water security from local to global level, actors of the agrofoodsupply chains and networks need to be brought under greater stakeholder scrutiny andinteraction in the context of global water governance and just international trade.1. Introduction and backgroundThe current multiple world system crises ranging from climate change to economic recession andincreasing global inequality ultimately epitomize in the global water-food-energy-trade nexus, whereresource scarcity has become the new norm (Brown 2011; Gills 2010). The purpose of this study is toinvestigate the nexus dynamics from the perspective of water security, concentrating on the role ofdifferent actors of global agro-food value chains and networks. It is argued that these chains andnetworks form a thus far non-evident but increasingly important global water governance structure.Most economies world-wide are tackling worsening physical, economic and social water scarcity(Kummu et al. 2010). Accordingly, focus on water security in this analysis is justified in a widersustainability context as access to water underlies food and energy security, poverty reduction, economicgrowth, conflict reduction, climate change adaptation and biodiversity preservation (World Economic1Corresponding address suvi.sojamo@aalto.fi.This study is based on a M.Sc. Dissertation research undertaken at King’s College London, United Kingdom, 2010.159
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Hanna Lakkala & Jarmo Vehmas (edito
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
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Implementation of Total responsibil
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In addition, an expert panel chaire
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GROUPING AND RANKING THE EU-27 COUN
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objects, i.e. countries. The city b
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Motorization rate (number of cars/
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Cluster 7: Italy, SpainAs can be un
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The northwestern European cluster i
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ReferencesEurostat (2011) Eurostat
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The authors applied both the SUMMA
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3.1. SUMMA examplesEmissions are a
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sector not in the paid work sector
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sustainability. While non-use and e
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Figure 5.Fund-Flow analysis of Scot
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examination concern e.g. dispersal
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These interlinked themes strongly a
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Social sustainabilitySocial sustain
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Economic sustainabilityThe existenc
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Public transport is efficient (supp
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SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BI
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1. Introduction and BackgroundThe d
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3. Case StudiesTwo alternative scen
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(methodological, spatial and time-s
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Comparing with energy uses in Campa
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ESI 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.14% Renewable
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Kamm, B. - Kamm, M. (2004) Principl
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It is possible to identify five pre
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Case study applicationThe Cairngorm
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The language and terminology used b
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utility of MUSIASEM were less varie
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Our findings illustrate that relati
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McNie, E. C. 2007, "Reconciling the
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1. IntroductionRomania is a country
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Figure 2.The Manufacture sector has
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Figure 5.Between 2002 and 2006, Ele
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The database of net taxes on produc
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Serbanescu, I., 2007. Romania Under
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flows such as the residuals of prod
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Consumption (TMC) is a deriavite of
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6. Imported and Exported Material F
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points of view means that the use o
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TRENDS AND DRIVING FACTORS IN FINNI
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Figure 1.The interlinking of the fr
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Figure 3. The removal of total andc
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200150100500-50CO2FI/FECFIFECFI/VAF
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ReferencesBraczyk, P.H.J., Cooke, P
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“JUST BEGIN”A CASE STUDY IN CRE
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2. Materials and MethodsThe role of
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everyone some share in the land’s
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allowing for winter grazing and car
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Useful PrinciplesAn especially impo
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This approach necessarily has major
Page 108 and 109: POWERING THE FUTURE OF THE LEAST DE
Page 110 and 111: made interviews in a village that h
Page 112 and 113: was put on projects predominantly f
Page 114 and 115: (discussed in more detail in follow
Page 116 and 117: 4. Solar Home System Program in Lao
Page 118 and 119: micro hydro has not received that m
Page 120 and 121: And the role of smaller scale solut
Page 122 and 123: has become in discourse level the m
Page 124 and 125: ReferencesBerliant, Leslie (2009) W
Page 126 and 127: DEVELOPING TIBET INTO A SPECIAL SUS
Page 128 and 129: are just a curiosity for festivals
Page 130 and 131: Environmental sustainabilityEnviron
Page 132 and 133: and towns under the reservoir. Howe
Page 134 and 135: ailways, airports and townships for
Page 136 and 137: (3) social needs: good relations an
Page 138 and 139: COPENHAGEN FAILURE AND NORTH-SOUTHD
Page 140 and 141: ”whoever defines the terms of the
Page 142 and 143: Blair makes a division between deve
Page 144 and 145: Issue 3: Action suggestionsOne of t
Page 146 and 147: change as a serious problem and und
Page 148 and 149: aspects. Through the scrutiny of le
Page 150 and 151: 50 000 ha are currently irrigated.
Page 152 and 153: Table 2.The main pieces of legislat
Page 154 and 155: Table 3.The main policy documents o
Page 156 and 157: However, the Zambian laws on sanita
Page 160 and 161: Forum 2009). As agriculture is the
Page 162 and 163: 2005; Levy and Newell 2002). These
Page 164 and 165: The virtual water ‘flows’ embed
Page 166 and 167: value given to the other members of
Page 168 and 169: countries of operation, promoting m
Page 170 and 171: Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., (2
Page 172 and 173: 1723. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
Page 174 and 175: guarantee the consumer’s opportun
Page 176 and 177: 3. Growth of GDP doesn’t guarante
Page 178 and 179: Veblen’s observation on the inter
Page 180 and 181: overriding of the ‘interference o
Page 182 and 183: consumption has no centre point (or
Page 184 and 185: Habermas, J., 1968. Erkenntnis und
Page 186 and 187: 2010). However, people who prioriti
Page 188 and 189: Table 2.Operationalizing of attitud
Page 190 and 191: material intensity, which is driven
Page 192 and 193: 225 cases of serious illness per te
Page 194 and 195: instance, to tax labor in the frame
Page 196 and 197: Anderson, A., Harris, T., Tylavsky,
Page 198 and 199: Heiskala, R. (2000). Toiminta, tapa
Page 200 and 201: Rauh, V., Arunajadai, S., Horton, M
Page 202 and 203: MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONSUMPTION- TW
Page 204 and 205: possibilities to participate in the
Page 206 and 207: udgets were mostly selected by expe
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Figure 1.Material footprint of the
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eference budgets. A reduction in li
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Schmidt-Bleek,F. (2009) The Earth:
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIFE CYC
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Geels notes that for transitions to
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Hafkamp (2002), working from the ec
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4.1. LCT based analysis as a test f
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effect, this image establishes a vi
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management strategies, it has been
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5.2.3. Subsidiarity: Level of imple
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Council Directive. 2008. 2008/98/EC
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LAND USE FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION -
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Economic: part of the technical pot
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local food production system. Conse
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As can be seen from the graph above
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ReferencesBerndes G, Hoogwijk M, va
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DRIVERS AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE
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Figure 1.Dynamic and Folding Field
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esponses to an array of possible em
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Leadership and institutionsThe SEQC
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not preferable. Scenario 4: Transfo
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Figure 2.Practical responses across
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Wilber, Ken. 2001. A Theory of Ever
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2. Background and LiteratureSustain
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about environmental challenges. Sco
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interconnectedness of globalization
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ConclusionThe analysis of the data
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ReferencesAgenda 21, Chapter 36. Th
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2. Theory and LiteratureTo achieve
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There probably are professional dif
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design fields, 2 from economics and
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out. While there are some necessary
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J. (Eds.) Proceedings of LeNS Confe
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INNOVATIVE FISCAL POLICY IN THE CON
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3. A concept of innovative fiscal p
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transfers, and social contributions
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Although Finland can be ranked into
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which induced lower tax revenues -
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panacea; furthermore, unlegislated
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ReferencesAfonso, A. - Hauptmeier,
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In this paper are presented some fi
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The baseline scenario for 2011-2012
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Indirect effects: the increased wei
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AcknowledgementsThis paper was supp
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e added to the domestic hidden econ
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case when all household are involve
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(from 70.8% in 1997 to 63.1% in 200
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Appendix 1Shares of informal income
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H2 Estimations under the hypotheses
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1999). In this analysis the Finnish
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warming, growing environmental burd
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aggregate indicator. It is by no me
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Diefenbacher, H. 1994. The index of
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3147. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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themselves - both in day-to-day bus
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3. How do we arrive at big picture?
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Figure 3.Pillars of sustainability
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That communication, networking, and
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companies already consider the sust
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1. IntroductionCompanies leading in
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Figure 1.Sources of InnovationExami
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penetration of disruptive innovatio
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introduced by Canon which eventuall
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Scenario 4 - Disruptive Era: This i
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Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J. P. 200
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1. IntroductionTotal Quality manage
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Waddock and Graves, 1997). Neverthe
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organizations to discover and creat
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undertaken to pursue a sustainable
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and ways to enhance and effectively
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Waddock, SA & Graves, SB 1997. ‘T
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the company and its stakeholders. O
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persons. About 30% of the shares ar
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working groups and board of directo
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sustainability webpages and press r
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Näsi, Juha (1995) What is stakehol
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the indirect and inter-stakeholder
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In June 2005, the presidents of Uru
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examine the stakeholder relationshi
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Union expressed its’ support to t
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The analysis of this case illustrat
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Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R. & Narula,
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(Vandenbergh 2007; McBarnet and Kur
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Finally, enforceability is another
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3.2. OverviewThe legal scholarship
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law, transnational private regulati
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The SA8000, a certification based s
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As the analyzed literature shows, t
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Shaffer, G. and Pollack, M.A.., 201
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documents and to correct the disclo
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2.2. The EU CSR disclosure regimeSi
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The decision laid down the path for
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2011). More fundamental criticisms
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espect of the materiality of CSR re
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unexpected side effects as well. As
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HEITZMAN, S., WASLEY, C. E. & ZIMME
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4008. FUTURES METHODS
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1. IntroductionThe Finnish society
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Figure 2.An analysis on effectivene
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In the following the scenarios are
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Development corresponds closest to
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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WILD CARDS AND
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infrastructure sector. Thus, the ne
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consulted the right experts or if w
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Tampere area and Lapin Kansa is pub
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Here are just a few examples of the
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transparent decision-making. If pol
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Local and Regional Authorities.http
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DELPHI ON TRANSPORT AND CO 2 EMISSI
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which had offered little informatio
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and sidewalks. The use and ownershi
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very slow decrease after the year 2
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emissions of the car, and the annua
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Finnish Government (2008) Long-term
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ANALYSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROA
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developed countries but not globall
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only are useful in stable condition
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analysis and literature survey form
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However, the survey did not give in
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DETR (1999) Sustainable distributio
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complex and systematic understandin
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The structure and aims of the paper
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Table 1.Steps of the ANT-derived me
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After the first iteration the impor
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in the real world? Since the lack o
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SMALL STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRAN
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Quantitative content analysis was p
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general, attitudes towards car tax
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Future orientation of the discussio
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public, there were little possibili
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46810. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
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meaningful components and compares
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fuel combustion. Positive values fo
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We analyse the changes in the count
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200180160140120100806040200Activity
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has had considerable impact on CO 2
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The structural decomposition analys
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Intensity effect on Final Energy Co
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%China, factors affecting CO 2 emis
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4. ConclusionsThe decomposition ana
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MICROALGAE AS A BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK:
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are dominating the international ag
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3.1.3. BiodiversityBiodiversity is
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Moreover, people attach more and mo
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important role in tackling with or
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Spolaore P., Joannis C. C., Duran E
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DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONSK.
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disciplines and socialised in diffe
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5. Corporate contextKSB is a medium
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Most important, BOS does not touch
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ongoing or expected changes in the
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1Idea andevaluation2Clarif. ofobjec
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Arthur. 2009. The Nature of Technol
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SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS IN DESIGN
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Figure 1.Left: The various roles of
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longer product centred. It is widel
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the competence to help develop dema
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Figure 4.Survey framework: Dimensio
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gap. In our survey, the lack of con
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SUSTAINABILITY AND INDUSTRIAL DESIG
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“memories of the future” that e
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that it is quite common for compani
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3. How will sustainability change:
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e sensitive to sustainability as th
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Industrial Designers Society of Ame
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