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The analysis of this case illustrates how a locally based dispute gains a significant attention both inhome and host countries of an MNE and has an impact on global relations. Compared to the stakeholderanalysis performed on the respective data collected in the Finnish media (Kujala et.a. 2009), it can bestated that the El Clarin data focuses on local, Argentinean and Uruguayan stakeholders andrelationships between them. The political relationships both within and between the two nations arecovered, in particular. The focal firm, Botnia, does not seem to play a major role in the newspaperarticles. Not much is discussed about Botnia’s relationships to its stakeholders. In addition, the Finnishmedia covered more the stakeholder relations between the company and its owners, customers,employees from both Finland and Uruguay, and trade unions.6. ConclusionIn this paper, we adopted a stakeholder perspective to studying MNE and examined a green fieldinvestment of a globally operating company to better understand the pluralism related to sustainablebusiness. We presented stakeholder identification analysis and stakeholder salience analysis in anempirical setting where Europe’s second largest pulp producer, Metsä-Botnia built a pulp mill in SouthAmerica, in the city of Fray Bentos in Western Uruguay.The findings of this study contribute to theory of MNE strategy by using concepts and tools ofstakeholder theory for context specific understanding of business both in the local vs. global and homevs. host country contexts. The salience analysis combined with analysis on the roles of stakeholdersallows for taking into account the different stakeholder impacts on competitive advantage of a firm, andthus, leads to more profound theorizing on sustainable business compared to theories that take theshareholder perspective as the taken-for-granted assumption. This study contributes to research on theinformal norms, values and social responsibilities that both home and host countries of MNEs imposeon these companies (cf. Peng & Pleggenkuhle-Miles, 2009). The study provides support for the claimthat stakeholders’ significance depends on the situation and context (Savage et al., 1991; Roloff 2008).A limitation to this study is that stakeholder analysis is performed based on data collected innewspapers. Media texts are not naturally occurring data as they are also socially and politicallyconstructed. Newspaper articles reproduce reality and often join in nation-building by positioning theissues in national terms (Li, 2009). Thus, the data may have a national bias, and thus, direct attention tolocal stakeholders. To limit this bias, we have also studied media coverage by a Finnish nationalnewspaper, Helsingin Sanomat. The results show that the stakeholders identified in both newspapers’articles are the same and that there are no substantial differences in depicting the roles of stakeholders.As a managerial contribution, this article provides a usable method of analysis to assess the interestsof different stakeholders. A better understanding of the interests of different stakeholders allows for abuilding a solid ground for sustainable business that seeks not only to meet the shareholder needs butalso the needs of other stakeholders.368
ReferencesAaltonen, K., Kujala, J. & Oijala, T. 2008. Stakeholder salience in global projects. International Journalof Project Management, 26 (5), 509–516.Burchell, J. & Cook, J. 2008. Stakeholder dialogue and organisational learning: changing relationshipsbetween companies and NGOs. Business Ethics: A European Review, 17 (1), 35–46.Calvano, L. 2008. Multinational Corporations and Local Communities: A Critical Analysis of Conflict.Journal of Business Ethics, 82 (4), 793–805.Clarkson, M. B. E. 1995. A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate SocialPerformance. Academy of Management Review, 20 (1), 92–117.Co, H. C. & Barro, F. 2009. Stakeholder theory and dynamics in supply chain collaboration.International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 29 (6), 591–611.Donaldson, T. & Preston, L. E. 1995. The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence,and Implications. Academy of Management Review, 20 (1), 65–91.Elo, S. & Kyngäs, H. 2008. The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115.Fairclough, N. 1992. Discourse and social change. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press.Freeman, R. E. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Marshfield, MA: Pitman.Freeman, R. E. & Evan, W. M. 1990. Corporate Governance: A Stakeholder Interpretation. The Journalof Behavioral Economics, 19, 337–359.Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. & Wicks, A. 2007. Managing for Stakeholders. Survival, Reputation, andSuccess. London: Yale University Press.Frooman, J. 1999. Stakeholder Influence Strategies. Academy of Management Review, 24 (2), 191–205.Gamson, W. & Lasch, K. 1983. The political culture of welfare policy. In Spiro, S. E. (Ed). Evaluating theWelfare State, New York: Academic Press.Gamson, W. A., Croteau, D., Hoynes, W. & Sasson, T. 1992. Media Images and the Social Construction ofReality. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 373–393.Ghemawat, P. 2007. Redifining Global Strategy, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.Graneheim, U. H. & Lundman, B. 2004. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts,procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24, 105–112.Hart, S. & Sharma, S. 2004. Engaging fringe stakeholders for competitive imagination. Academy ofManagement Executive, 18 (1), 7–18.Hendry, J. R. 2005. Stakeholder Influence Strategies: An Empirical Examination. Journal of BusinessEthics, 61, 79–99.Jones, T. M. & Wicks, A. C. 1999. Convergent stakeholder theory. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 206–221.Joutsenvirta, M. & Vaara, E. 2009. Discursive (de)legitimation of a contested Finnish Greenfieldinvestment project in Latin America. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 25, 85–96.Kujala, J. & Sajasalo, P. 2009. Reforming the Integration-responsiveness Framework: A Business EthicsPerspective. Journal of International Business Ethics, 2 (1), 59–72.Kujala, J. Toikka, T. & Heikkinen, A. 2009. Communicating corporate responsibility through media.Progress in Industrial Ecology – An International Journal, 6 (4), 404–420.Lotila, P. 2010. Corporate Responsiveness to Social Pressure: An Interaction-Based Model. Journal ofBusiness Ethics, 94, 395–409.Li, J. (2009). Intertextuality and national identity: discourse of national conflicts in dailynewspapers in the United States and China. Discourse & Society, 20(1), 85–121.Magness, V. 2008. Who are the stakeholders now? An empirical examination of the Mitchell, Agle, andWood theory of stakeholder salience, Journal of Business Ethics, 83, 177–192.369
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Hanna Lakkala & Jarmo Vehmas (edito
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CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..............
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Implementation of Total responsibil
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In addition, an expert panel chaire
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GROUPING AND RANKING THE EU-27 COUN
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objects, i.e. countries. The city b
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Motorization rate (number of cars/
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Cluster 7: Italy, SpainAs can be un
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The northwestern European cluster i
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ReferencesEurostat (2011) Eurostat
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The authors applied both the SUMMA
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3.1. SUMMA examplesEmissions are a
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sector not in the paid work sector
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sustainability. While non-use and e
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Figure 5.Fund-Flow analysis of Scot
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examination concern e.g. dispersal
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These interlinked themes strongly a
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Social sustainabilitySocial sustain
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Economic sustainabilityThe existenc
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Public transport is efficient (supp
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SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION ON BI
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1. Introduction and BackgroundThe d
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3. Case StudiesTwo alternative scen
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(methodological, spatial and time-s
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Comparing with energy uses in Campa
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ESI 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.14% Renewable
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Kamm, B. - Kamm, M. (2004) Principl
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It is possible to identify five pre
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Case study applicationThe Cairngorm
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The language and terminology used b
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utility of MUSIASEM were less varie
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Our findings illustrate that relati
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McNie, E. C. 2007, "Reconciling the
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1. IntroductionRomania is a country
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Figure 2.The Manufacture sector has
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Figure 5.Between 2002 and 2006, Ele
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The database of net taxes on produc
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Serbanescu, I., 2007. Romania Under
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flows such as the residuals of prod
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Consumption (TMC) is a deriavite of
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6. Imported and Exported Material F
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points of view means that the use o
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TRENDS AND DRIVING FACTORS IN FINNI
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Figure 1.The interlinking of the fr
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Figure 3. The removal of total andc
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200150100500-50CO2FI/FECFIFECFI/VAF
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ReferencesBraczyk, P.H.J., Cooke, P
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“JUST BEGIN”A CASE STUDY IN CRE
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2. Materials and MethodsThe role of
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everyone some share in the land’s
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allowing for winter grazing and car
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Useful PrinciplesAn especially impo
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This approach necessarily has major
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POWERING THE FUTURE OF THE LEAST DE
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made interviews in a village that h
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was put on projects predominantly f
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(discussed in more detail in follow
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4. Solar Home System Program in Lao
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micro hydro has not received that m
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And the role of smaller scale solut
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has become in discourse level the m
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ReferencesBerliant, Leslie (2009) W
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DEVELOPING TIBET INTO A SPECIAL SUS
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are just a curiosity for festivals
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Environmental sustainabilityEnviron
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and towns under the reservoir. Howe
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ailways, airports and townships for
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(3) social needs: good relations an
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COPENHAGEN FAILURE AND NORTH-SOUTHD
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”whoever defines the terms of the
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Blair makes a division between deve
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Issue 3: Action suggestionsOne of t
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change as a serious problem and und
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aspects. Through the scrutiny of le
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50 000 ha are currently irrigated.
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Table 2.The main pieces of legislat
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Table 3.The main policy documents o
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However, the Zambian laws on sanita
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State House (2009). Updated on 16th
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Forum 2009). As agriculture is the
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2005; Levy and Newell 2002). These
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The virtual water ‘flows’ embed
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value given to the other members of
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countries of operation, promoting m
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Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., (2
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1723. SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
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guarantee the consumer’s opportun
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3. Growth of GDP doesn’t guarante
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Veblen’s observation on the inter
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overriding of the ‘interference o
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consumption has no centre point (or
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Habermas, J., 1968. Erkenntnis und
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2010). However, people who prioriti
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Table 2.Operationalizing of attitud
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material intensity, which is driven
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225 cases of serious illness per te
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instance, to tax labor in the frame
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Anderson, A., Harris, T., Tylavsky,
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Heiskala, R. (2000). Toiminta, tapa
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Rauh, V., Arunajadai, S., Horton, M
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MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM CONSUMPTION- TW
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possibilities to participate in the
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udgets were mostly selected by expe
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Figure 1.Material footprint of the
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eference budgets. A reduction in li
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Schmidt-Bleek,F. (2009) The Earth:
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR LIFE CYC
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Geels notes that for transitions to
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Hafkamp (2002), working from the ec
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4.1. LCT based analysis as a test f
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effect, this image establishes a vi
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management strategies, it has been
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5.2.3. Subsidiarity: Level of imple
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Council Directive. 2008. 2008/98/EC
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LAND USE FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION -
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Economic: part of the technical pot
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local food production system. Conse
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As can be seen from the graph above
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ReferencesBerndes G, Hoogwijk M, va
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DRIVERS AND BARRIERS TO SUSTAINABLE
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Figure 1.Dynamic and Folding Field
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esponses to an array of possible em
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Leadership and institutionsThe SEQC
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not preferable. Scenario 4: Transfo
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Figure 2.Practical responses across
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Wilber, Ken. 2001. A Theory of Ever
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2. Background and LiteratureSustain
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about environmental challenges. Sco
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interconnectedness of globalization
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ConclusionThe analysis of the data
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ReferencesAgenda 21, Chapter 36. Th
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2. Theory and LiteratureTo achieve
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There probably are professional dif
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design fields, 2 from economics and
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out. While there are some necessary
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J. (Eds.) Proceedings of LeNS Confe
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INNOVATIVE FISCAL POLICY IN THE CON
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3. A concept of innovative fiscal p
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transfers, and social contributions
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Although Finland can be ranked into
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which induced lower tax revenues -
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panacea; furthermore, unlegislated
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ReferencesAfonso, A. - Hauptmeier,
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In this paper are presented some fi
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The baseline scenario for 2011-2012
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Indirect effects: the increased wei
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AcknowledgementsThis paper was supp
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e added to the domestic hidden econ
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case when all household are involve
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(from 70.8% in 1997 to 63.1% in 200
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Appendix 1Shares of informal income
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H2 Estimations under the hypotheses
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1999). In this analysis the Finnish
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warming, growing environmental burd
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aggregate indicator. It is by no me
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Diefenbacher, H. 1994. The index of
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3147. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
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themselves - both in day-to-day bus
Page 318 and 319: 3. How do we arrive at big picture?
Page 320 and 321: Figure 3.Pillars of sustainability
Page 322 and 323: That communication, networking, and
Page 324 and 325: companies already consider the sust
Page 326 and 327: 1. IntroductionCompanies leading in
Page 328 and 329: Figure 1.Sources of InnovationExami
Page 330 and 331: penetration of disruptive innovatio
Page 332 and 333: introduced by Canon which eventuall
Page 334 and 335: Scenario 4 - Disruptive Era: This i
Page 336 and 337: Margolis, J.D. and Walsh, J. P. 200
Page 338 and 339: 1. IntroductionTotal Quality manage
Page 340 and 341: Waddock and Graves, 1997). Neverthe
Page 342 and 343: organizations to discover and creat
Page 344 and 345: undertaken to pursue a sustainable
Page 346 and 347: and ways to enhance and effectively
Page 348 and 349: Waddock, SA & Graves, SB 1997. ‘T
Page 350 and 351: the company and its stakeholders. O
Page 352 and 353: persons. About 30% of the shares ar
Page 354 and 355: working groups and board of directo
Page 356 and 357: sustainability webpages and press r
Page 358 and 359: Näsi, Juha (1995) What is stakehol
Page 360 and 361: the indirect and inter-stakeholder
Page 362 and 363: In June 2005, the presidents of Uru
Page 364 and 365: examine the stakeholder relationshi
Page 366 and 367: Union expressed its’ support to t
Page 370 and 371: Meyer, K. E., Mudambi, R. & Narula,
Page 372 and 373: (Vandenbergh 2007; McBarnet and Kur
Page 374 and 375: Finally, enforceability is another
Page 376 and 377: 3.2. OverviewThe legal scholarship
Page 378 and 379: law, transnational private regulati
Page 380 and 381: The SA8000, a certification based s
Page 382 and 383: As the analyzed literature shows, t
Page 384 and 385: Shaffer, G. and Pollack, M.A.., 201
Page 386 and 387: documents and to correct the disclo
Page 388 and 389: 2.2. The EU CSR disclosure regimeSi
Page 390 and 391: The decision laid down the path for
Page 392 and 393: 2011). More fundamental criticisms
Page 394 and 395: espect of the materiality of CSR re
Page 396 and 397: unexpected side effects as well. As
Page 398 and 399: HEITZMAN, S., WASLEY, C. E. & ZIMME
Page 400 and 401: 4008. FUTURES METHODS
Page 402 and 403: 1. IntroductionThe Finnish society
Page 404 and 405: Figure 2.An analysis on effectivene
Page 406 and 407: In the following the scenarios are
Page 408 and 409: Development corresponds closest to
Page 410 and 411: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WILD CARDS AND
Page 412 and 413: infrastructure sector. Thus, the ne
Page 414 and 415: consulted the right experts or if w
Page 416 and 417: Tampere area and Lapin Kansa is pub
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Here are just a few examples of the
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transparent decision-making. If pol
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Local and Regional Authorities.http
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DELPHI ON TRANSPORT AND CO 2 EMISSI
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which had offered little informatio
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and sidewalks. The use and ownershi
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very slow decrease after the year 2
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emissions of the car, and the annua
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Finnish Government (2008) Long-term
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ANALYSING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROA
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developed countries but not globall
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only are useful in stable condition
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analysis and literature survey form
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However, the survey did not give in
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DETR (1999) Sustainable distributio
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complex and systematic understandin
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The structure and aims of the paper
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Table 1.Steps of the ANT-derived me
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After the first iteration the impor
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in the real world? Since the lack o
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SMALL STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TRAN
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Quantitative content analysis was p
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general, attitudes towards car tax
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Future orientation of the discussio
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public, there were little possibili
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46810. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
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meaningful components and compares
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fuel combustion. Positive values fo
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We analyse the changes in the count
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200180160140120100806040200Activity
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has had considerable impact on CO 2
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The structural decomposition analys
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Intensity effect on Final Energy Co
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%China, factors affecting CO 2 emis
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4. ConclusionsThe decomposition ana
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MICROALGAE AS A BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCK:
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are dominating the international ag
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3.1.3. BiodiversityBiodiversity is
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Moreover, people attach more and mo
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important role in tackling with or
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Spolaore P., Joannis C. C., Duran E
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DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONSK.
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disciplines and socialised in diffe
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5. Corporate contextKSB is a medium
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Most important, BOS does not touch
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ongoing or expected changes in the
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1Idea andevaluation2Clarif. ofobjec
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Arthur. 2009. The Nature of Technol
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SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS IN DESIGN
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Figure 1.Left: The various roles of
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longer product centred. It is widel
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the competence to help develop dema
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Figure 4.Survey framework: Dimensio
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gap. In our survey, the lack of con
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SUSTAINABILITY AND INDUSTRIAL DESIG
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“memories of the future” that e
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that it is quite common for compani
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3. How will sustainability change:
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e sensitive to sustainability as th
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Industrial Designers Society of Ame
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