Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

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Readers’ NotesNote on transliterations of Arabic and Persian words and names: I havenot adopted a single, consistent phonetic transliteration of the names orwords cited in this dictionary that were originally written in the Arabicscript. Popular literature and journalistic usages have made most readersfamiliar with inexact transliterations of Arabic and Persian words,and their use has completely outpaced the efforts of linguistic puriststo devise a consistent, universally observed scheme of transliterationfor such words. For instance, most readers are already more acquaintedwith Koran than with the more precise Quran, or with Hezbollah ratherthan Hizballah. Therefore, to make this reference volume more accessibleto a wider readership, I have used current and more common spellingsrather than more unfamiliar, alternative spellings. Other Arabic andPersian names have been phonetically transliterated whenever a popularusage was not already current. Users of this volume should note thatcross-references in each dictionary entry are printed in boldface type.The other form of cross-referencing is See also, which indicates relateditems that are not explicitly mentioned in the entry.Since many of the terrorist organizations or parties are better knownby their common names in the English-language press than by theiroriginal names in the language of the country or ethnic group in whichthey appeared, they are listed in the dictionary under their most commonlyused name and therefore not always under their formal, nationalname. To find such organizations or parties, readers can look up theformal, national name in the list of acronyms and abbreviations, whereit is followed by the English name under which the organization canbe found. Those acronyms, which are already in common use in newscoverage of the group, are used whenever possible.The usual convention for calendar dates in this volume is daymonth-year,for example, 4 July 1776. This convention has not beenfollowed in the case of the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacksxi
xii • READERS’ NOTESof September 11, 2001, insofar as the spoken phrase “nine-eleven” andthe written “9/11” have become the customary popular and journalisticshorthand for this event. Following the first full reference to this eventin any entry, it is then referred to as the “September 11 attacks” for thesake of brevity.
Page 1 and 2: HISTORICALDICTIONARYOFTHIRD EDITION
Page 3 and 4: 30. Afghan Wars, Revolutions, and I
Page 5 and 6: SCARECROW PRESS, INC.Published in t
Page 8 and 9: Editor’s ForewordTerrorism has re
Page 10 and 11: AcknowledgmentsI would like to than
Page 14 and 15: Acronyms and AbbreviationsNote: All
Page 16 and 17: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xvAY
Page 18 and 19: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xvii
Page 20 and 21: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xixF
Page 22 and 23: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xxiI
Page 24 and 25: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xxii
Page 26 and 27: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xxvO
Page 28 and 29: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS • xxvi
Page 30 and 31: ChronologyA.D. 66-70 Jewish nationa
Page 32 and 33: CHRONOLOGY • xxxi22 July: Jewish
Page 34 and 35: CHRONOLOGY • xxxiiiEight Black Se
Page 36 and 37: CHRONOLOGY • xxxvtion (RAF) kidna
Page 38 and 39: CHRONOLOGY • xxxviiJihad conducts
Page 40 and 41: CHRONOLOGY • xxxixpriests and two
Page 42 and 43: CHRONOLOGY • xliAlgeria in repris
Page 44 and 45: CHRONOLOGY • xliii2001 2 January:
Page 46 and 47: CHRONOLOGY • xlvwith 271 passenge
Page 48 and 49: CHRONOLOGY • xlviiArabia, killing
Page 50: CHRONOLOGY • xlixBouteflika, kill
Page 53 and 54: lii • INTRODUCTIONinterpretations
Page 55 and 56: liv • INTRODUCTIONused only to at
Page 57 and 58: lvi • INTRODUCTIONThat is, as a r
Page 59 and 60: lviii • INTRODUCTIONThe revolutio
Page 61 and 62: lx • INTRODUCTIONopened: “The b
Page 63 and 64:
lxii • INTRODUCTIONTHE GROWING TE
Page 65 and 66:
lxiv • INTRODUCTIONtraining camp,
Page 67 and 68:
lxvi • INTRODUCTIONenvironment: T
Page 69 and 70:
lxviii • INTRODUCTIONmaterials fo
Page 71 and 72:
lxx • INTRODUCTIONExamples would
Page 73 and 74:
lxxii • INTRODUCTIONsystems. The
Page 75 and 76:
lxxiv • INTRODUCTIONrevolution to
Page 77 and 78:
lxxvi • INTRODUCTION11. Albert Pa
Page 79 and 80:
2 • ABU HAFS AL MASRI BRIDGADEbet
Page 81 and 82:
4 • ABU NIDAL ORGANIZATIONStates
Page 83 and 84:
6 • ACHILLE LAURO HIJACKINGtransi
Page 85 and 86:
8 • AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESSIt s
Page 87 and 88:
10 • AIR TRAVEL SECURITYAIR TRAVE
Page 89 and 90:
12 • AIR TRAVEL SECURITYbut these
Page 91 and 92:
14 • AL FATAHleader Rosa Cardenas
Page 93 and 94:
16 • ALIENATIONentity, or the pol
Page 95 and 96:
18 • AMALSince Amal sought to cha
Page 97 and 98:
20 • ‘AMALSince 1990, Amal has
Page 99 and 100:
22 • ANARCHISTIC LEFTIST TERRORIS
Page 101 and 102:
24 • ANIMAL LIBERATION FRONTIn th
Page 103 and 104:
26 • ANIMAL LIBERATION FRONT2001,
Page 105 and 106:
28 • ANTHRAX ATTACKSgroup core me
Page 107 and 108:
30 • ANTIABORTION TERRORISMwhich
Page 109 and 110:
32 • ANTIABORTION TERRORISMThe fi
Page 111 and 112:
34 • ANTITERRORIST LIBERATION GRO
Page 113 and 114:
36 • ARAFAT, YASIRgovernment crea
Page 115 and 116:
38 • ARENAFollowing the collapse
Page 117 and 118:
40 • ARGENTINE ANTI-COMMUNIST ALL
Page 119 and 120:
42 • ARMED FORCES OF NATIONAL LIB
Page 121 and 122:
44 • ARMED ISLAMIC GROUPFront (FI
Page 123 and 124:
46 • ARMED ISLAMIC GROUPbombs in
Page 125 and 126:
48 • ARMED REVOLUTIONARY NUCLEIAR
Page 127 and 128:
50 • ARMY OF GODone of whom was a
Page 129 and 130:
52 • ARYAN NATIONSPosse Comitatus
Page 131 and 132:
54 • ARSON1996, informed on the o
Page 133 and 134:
56 • ASBAT AL ANSAROn 25 June 200
Page 135 and 136:
58 • ASYMMETRIC WARFAREconviction
Page 137 and 138:
60 • AUM SHINRIKYOon 16 May 1995,
Page 139 and 140:
62 • FIRST AVANGUARDIA ENTRY NAZI
Page 141 and 142:
64 • BANNA, SABRI KHALIL ALits ac
Page 143 and 144:
66 • BASQUE FATHERLAND AND LIBERT
Page 145 and 146:
68 • BASQUE FATHERLAND AND LIBERT
Page 147 and 148:
70 • BEIRUT AIRPORT BOMBINGnetwor
Page 149 and 150:
72 • BELLIGERENT STATUSAntiterror
Page 151 and 152:
74 • BESLAN SCHOOL SIEGE AND MASS
Page 153 and 154:
76 • BIN LADEN, OSAMAof September
Page 155 and 156:
78 • BIN LADEN, OSAMAof Razmi Ahm
Page 157 and 158:
80 • BLACK JUNEparamilitary train
Page 159 and 160:
82 • BLACK ORDERoffering a $1 mil
Page 161 and 162:
84 • BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION
Page 163 and 164:
86 • BLACK SEPTEMBER ORGANIZATION
Page 165 and 166:
88 • BOMBINGS, BOMBERSWhile there
Page 167 and 168:
90 • BRITISH-U.S. FLIGHTS BOMB PL
Page 169 and 170:
92 • BURN SYNDROMEof mass destruc
Page 171 and 172:
94 • CARLOS21 December 1975 in wh
Page 173 and 174:
96 • CELLULAR ORGANIZATIONmay ado
Page 175 and 176:
98 • CHECHNYAN TERRORISMseveral e
Page 177 and 178:
100 • CHECHNYAN TERRORISMmullah,
Page 179 and 180:
102 • CHECHNYAN TERRORISMOn 9 May
Page 181 and 182:
104 • CHECHNYAN TERRORISMtwo Russ
Page 183 and 184:
106 • CHRISTIAN-PATRIOTS DEFENSE
Page 185 and 186:
108 • CHUKAKU-HAthere were also e
Page 187 and 188:
110 • CLARA ELIZABETH RAMÍREZ FR
Page 189 and 190:
112 • COLOMBIAN COCAINE CARTELSco
Page 191 and 192:
114 • COLOMBIAN COCAINE CARTELSwh
Page 193 and 194:
116 • COLOMBIAN COCAINE CARTELSDu
Page 195 and 196:
118 • “COMMON-LAW COURTS”expo
Page 197 and 198:
120 • COMPREHENSIVE TERRORISM PRE
Page 199 and 200:
122 • CONTRASof the military junt
Page 201 and 202:
124 • CONTRASadministration was v
Page 203 and 204:
126 • COUNTERTERRORISMas the inci
Page 205 and 206:
128 • THE COVENANT, THE SWORD, AN
Page 207 and 208:
130 • CUBAN-AMERICAN NATIONAL FOU
Page 209 and 210:
132 • CUBAN NATIONAL LIBERATION F
Page 211 and 212:
134 • DA’WA, ALHussein retained
Page 213 and 214:
136 • DEADLY FORCEthe endorsement
Page 215 and 216:
138 • DEATH SQUADSaccounted for.
Page 217 and 218:
140 • DELLE CHIAIE, STEPHANOsuch
Page 219 and 220:
142 • DEMOCRATIC FRONT FOR THE LI
Page 221 and 222:
144 • DEMOCRATIC FRONT FOR THE LI
Page 223 and 224:
146 • DEPORTATIONeastern banks of
Page 225 and 226:
148 • DIPLOMATIC INVIOLABILITY198
Page 227 and 228:
150 • DIRECT ACTIONLibya, althoug
Page 229 and 230:
152 • DIRTY WAR(S)and was particu
Page 231 and 232:
154 • DISAPPEARANCESIn November 2
Page 233 and 234:
156 • EARTH LIBERATION FRONT“ec
Page 235 and 236:
158 • EAST AFRICAN U.S. EMBASSY A
Page 237 and 238:
160 • ECOTAGEstate embracing Turk
Page 239 and 240:
162 • ENTEBBE HIJACKING1996 creat
Page 241 and 242:
164 • ENVIRONMENTALIST TERRORISMa
Page 243 and 244:
166 • EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON THE
Page 245 and 246:
168 • EXTRADITIONthe rights of du
Page 247 and 248:
170 • EYALprevent them from revea
Page 249 and 250:
172 • FARABUNDO MARTÍ NATIONAL L
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
178 • FATAH, ALinstitutions of th
Page 257 and 258:
180 • FATAH, ALThe Israeli invasi
Page 259 and 260:
182 • FATAH, ALAfter the outbreak
Page 261 and 262:
184 • FATAH AL-ISLAMerosion of al
Page 263 and 264:
186 • FATAH REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL
Page 265 and 266:
188 • FATAH REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL
Page 267 and 268:
190 • FATWAThe fatwa can be on an
Page 269 and 270:
192 • FEDAYEENas U.S. spies and d
Page 271 and 272:
194 • FIGHTING COMMUNIST ORGANIZA
Page 273 and 274:
196 • FORCE MULTIPLIER(S)military
Page 275 and 276:
198 • FOURTH-GENERATION WARFAREDi
Page 277 and 278:
200 • FREE SOUTH MOLUCCAN YOUTH O
Page 279 and 280:
202 • FREEMENVarious Freemen also
Page 281 and 282:
204 • FREEZING OF ASSETS/SEQUESTR
Page 283 and 284:
206 • FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION THEO
Page 285 and 286:
208 • GAME THEORYArmy (IRA) membe
Page 287 and 288:
210 • GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYST
Page 289 and 290:
212 • GRAY-AREA PHENOMENONresearc
Page 291 and 292:
214 • GRAY WOLVESParty, (NAP), a
Page 293 and 294:
216 • GROUP OF EIGHT COUNTERTERRO
Page 295 and 296:
218 • GUARDIANS OF THE ISLAMIC RE
Page 297 and 298:
220 • GUATEMALAN NATIONAL REVOLUT
Page 299 and 300:
222 • GUATEMALAN NATIONAL REVOLUT
Page 301 and 302:
224 • GUILT TRANSFERto collaborat
Page 303 and 304:
226 • GUSH EMUNIMGUSH EMUNIM. The
Page 305 and 306:
228 • HAMASin Iran led by the Aya
Page 307 and 308:
230 • HAMASOn 5 January 1996 Isra
Page 309 and 310:
232 • HAMASwithin a crowded shopp
Page 311 and 312:
234 • HAMASIsrael a 10-year truce
Page 313 and 314:
236 • HAMASal Fatah-dominated Exe
Page 315 and 316:
238 • HARAKAT UL MUJAHIDEENhad be
Page 317 and 318:
240 • HATE CRIMESrecent years the
Page 319 and 320:
242 • HAYMARKET BOMBINGbombing at
Page 321 and 322:
244 • HEZBOLLAHsocial services ne
Page 323 and 324:
246 • HEZBOLLAHHezbollah and Amal
Page 325 and 326:
248 • HEZBOLLAHbelieved to have b
Page 327 and 328:
250 • HEZBOLLAHhas been able to b
Page 329 and 330:
252 • HEZBOLLAHAnalysts believe t
Page 331 and 332:
254 • HEZBOLLAHstate sponsor, Ira
Page 333 and 334:
256 • HIJACKINGcarriers were case
Page 335 and 336:
258 • HOFFMANN MILITARY SPORTS GR
Page 337 and 338:
260 • HOLY TERRORinformer reveale
Page 339 and 340:
262 • HOMELAND SECURITYby about 1
Page 341 and 342:
264 • HOSTAGE TAKINGforce, which
Page 343 and 344:
266 • IDENTITY CHRISTIANITYpopuli
Page 345 and 346:
268 • IDENTITY POLITICSfound main
Page 347 and 348:
270 • INFORMATION WARFAREINFORMAT
Page 349 and 350:
272 • INSURGENCYhired itself out
Page 351 and 352:
274 • INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TER
Page 353 and 354:
276 • INTERNETand intelligence co
Page 355 and 356:
278 • INTIFADAthe terrorist group
Page 357 and 358:
280 • INTIFADAMount, a place know
Page 359 and 360:
282 • IRGUNbomb was due to a malf
Page 361 and 362:
284 • IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMYThatch
Page 363 and 364:
286 • IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMYbecame
Page 365 and 366:
288 • IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMYNorthe
Page 367 and 368:
290 • IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMYinto a
Page 369 and 370:
292 • IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMYof a w
Page 371 and 372:
294 • IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMYto blo
Page 373 and 374:
296 • ISLAMIC FRONT FOR THE LIBER
Page 375 and 376:
298 • ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISMthe c
Page 377 and 378:
300 • ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISMthe B
Page 379 and 380:
302 • ISLAMIC GROUPtwo Ethiopian
Page 381 and 382:
304 • ISLAMIC JIHADan action also
Page 383 and 384:
306 • ISLAMIC JIHADLiberation Org
Page 385 and 386:
308 • ISLAMIC JIHADbombings killi
Page 387 and 388:
310 • ISLAMIC JIHADBritons, two o
Page 389 and 390:
312 • ISLAMIC JIHAD IN THE HIJAZm
Page 391 and 392:
314 • ISLAMIC MOVEMENT OF TURKIST
Page 393 and 394:
316 • ISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY GUARD
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
322 • ISLAMIC SALVATION FRONT1997
Page 401 and 402:
324 • ISLAMIC TENDENCY MOVEMENTwa
Page 403 and 404:
326 • JAISH-E MUHAMMAD- J -JAISH-
Page 405 and 406:
328 • JAMA’AT AL FUQRAMuslim cl
Page 407 and 408:
330 • JAPANESE RED ARMYstate spon
Page 409 and 410:
332 • JAPANESE RED ARMYRome, caus
Page 411 and 412:
334 • JEMAAH ISLAMIYAHtwo of the
Page 413 and 414:
336 • JEWISH DEFENSE LEAGUEanalyz
Page 415 and 416:
338 • JEWISH DEFENSE LEAGUEfundam
Page 417 and 418:
340 • JIHADterrorist actions, to
Page 419 and 420:
342 • JUNE 2 MOVEMENTJUNE 2 MOVEM
Page 421 and 422:
344 • KACHAzerbaijan that is inha
Page 423 and 424:
346 • KANSAI REVOLUTIONARY ARMYre
Page 425 and 426:
348 • KASHMIRI SEPARATISMPeak ove
Page 427 and 428:
350 • KHMER ROUGEKHMER ROUGE. Ori
Page 429 and 430:
352 • KHMER ROUGEthe remaining Kh
Page 431 and 432:
354 • KHOMEINI, RUHALLAH MUSAWI A
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
360 • KNEECAPPINGsea carriers tha
Page 439 and 440:
362 • KOSOVO LIBERATION ARMYin Zu
Page 441 and 442:
364 • KONGRA-GELKONGRA-GEL. See K
Page 443 and 444:
366 • KU KLUX KLANblack girls, an
Page 445 and 446:
368 • KU KLUX KLANH. Bowers, to l
Page 447 and 448:
370 • KURDISTAN WORKERS’ PARTYc
Page 449 and 450:
372 • KURDISTAN WORKERS’ PARTYi
Page 451 and 452:
374 • KURDISTAN WORKERS’ PARTYi
Page 453 and 454:
376 • LASHKAR-E TAYYABAAugust 200
Page 455 and 456:
378 • LAUTARO YOUTH MOVEMENTthe F
Page 457 and 458:
380 • LEADERLESS RESISTANCEMost o
Page 459 and 460:
382 • LEBANESE ARMED REVOLUTIONAR
Page 461 and 462:
384 • LETTER BOMBSa Jewish state
Page 463 and 464:
386 • LIBERATION THEOLOGYand sent
Page 465 and 466:
388 • LIBERATION TIGERS OF TAMIL
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
396 • LONDON BOMBINGS OF 7 JULY 2
Page 475 and 476:
398 • LONDON BOMBINGS OF 7 JULY 2
Page 477 and 478:
400 • LORENZO ZELAYA POPULAR REVO
Page 479 and 480:
402 • LOYALIST VOLUNTEER FORCEgro
Page 481 and 482:
404 • LUXOR MASSACRE1 February 20
Page 483 and 484:
406 • M-19presidential candidate
Page 485 and 486:
408 • MACHETEROSof the constituen
Page 487 and 488:
410 • MADRID BOMBINGS OF 11 MARCH
Page 489 and 490:
412 • MAHDI ARMYwere the work of
Page 491 and 492:
414 • MANUEL RODRÍGUEZ PATRIOTIC
Page 493 and 494:
416 • MARIGHELLA, CARLOSIn the pe
Page 495 and 496:
418 • MASS SOCIETY THEORYin Paris
Page 497 and 498:
420 • MAU MAUthe end of 1956 some
Page 499 and 500:
422 • MAY 15posing “U.S. imperi
Page 501 and 502:
424 • MAY 19 COMMUNIST COALITIONA
Page 503 and 504:
426 • MILITIA MOVEMENTdistinct fr
Page 505 and 506:
428 • MILITIA MOVEMENTconviction
Page 507 and 508:
430 • MILLENNIALISMtext “Armage
Page 509 and 510:
432 • MINUTEMENThe anti-Communist
Page 511 and 512:
434 • MOLLY MAGUIRESand faced ext
Page 513 and 514:
436 • MONTONEROSU.S. chancery bui
Page 515 and 516:
438 • MORAZANISTSearly 1980s, the
Page 517 and 518:
440 • MORO LIBERATION FRONTgroup,
Page 519 and 520:
442 • MOROCCAN ISLAMIC COMBATANT
Page 521 and 522:
444 • MOVEMENT FOR THE EMANCIPATI
Page 523 and 524:
446 • MOVEMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONA
Page 525 and 526:
448 • MOVEMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONA
Page 527 and 528:
450 • MUJAHIDEENthe level of mutu
Page 529 and 530:
452 • MUJAHIDEENThe MKO undertook
Page 531 and 532:
454 • MUJAHIDEENthe Iraqi regime,
Page 533 and 534:
456 • MUMBAI ATTACKS OF 26-29 NOV
Page 535 and 536:
458 • MUNAZZAMAT AL JIHADcaptain,
Page 537 and 538:
460 • MUSLIM BROTHERHOODare hosti
Page 539 and 540:
462 • MUSLIM BROTHERHOODto keep t
Page 541 and 542:
464 • MUSLIM BROTHERHOODnations i
Page 543 and 544:
466 • NARODNA OBRANAuse profits f
Page 545 and 546:
468 • NATIONAL FRONTcrimes, while
Page 547 and 548:
470 • NATIONAL FRONT FOR THE LIBE
Page 549 and 550:
472 • NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMYfor
Page 551 and 552:
474 • NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT O
Page 553 and 554:
476 • NATIONAL SOCIALIST LIBERATI
Page 555 and 556:
478 • NAXALITESCalcutta in April
Page 557 and 558:
480 • NEO-NAZISA number of groups
Page 559 and 560:
482 • NEO-NAZISIn Italy the Allea
Page 561 and 562:
484 • NEO-NAZISsuccess. The Hoffm
Page 563 and 564:
486 • NEPALESE MAOISTSties, but h
Page 565 and 566:
488 • NESTOR PAZ ZAMORA COMMISSIO
Page 567 and 568:
490 • NETWORKSAnalysts distinguis
Page 569 and 570:
492 • NEW PEOPLE’S ARMYfor kidn
Page 571 and 572:
494 • NEW WORLD LIBERATION FRONTP
Page 573 and 574:
496 • NOVEMBER 17to assassinate,
Page 575 and 576:
498 • OCTOBER FIRST ANTIFASCIST R
Page 577 and 578:
500 • OLYMPIC PARK BOMBINGbombing
Page 579 and 580:
502 • OPEC SIEGE, VIENNAbombings,
Page 581 and 582:
504 • THE ORDERORDEN particularly
Page 583 and 584:
506 • ORGANISATION DE L’ARMÉE
Page 585 and 586:
508 • ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN ST
Page 587 and 588:
510 • ORGANIZATION OF VOLUNTEERS
Page 589 and 590:
512 • PALESTINE LIBERATION FRONTu
Page 591 and 592:
514 • PALESTINE LIBERATION FRONTg
Page 593 and 594:
516 • PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANI
Page 595 and 596:
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
524 • PAN AM FLIGHT 103 BOMBINGPA
Page 603 and 604:
526 • PATRIOTIC PEOPLE’S MOVEME
Page 605 and 606:
528 • PEOPLE’S REVOLUTIONARY AR
Page 607 and 608:
530 • PEOPLE’S WAR GROUPPEOPLE
Page 609 and 610:
532 • PHALANGEsupremacy in Lebane
Page 611 and 612:
534 • PHYSIOLOGICAL MODEL OF TERR
Page 613 and 614:
536 • POLITICAL REFUGEE STATUSrig
Page 615 and 616:
538 • POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBER
Page 617 and 618:
Page 619 and 620:
Page 621 and 622:
544 • POPULAR LIBERATION ARMYlead
Page 623 and 624:
546 • POPULAR REVOLUTIONARY ARMYP
Page 625 and 626:
548 • POSSE COMITATUSOn 28 June 1
Page 627 and 628:
550 • POWER LAWwas variously esti
Page 629 and 630:
552 • PREVENTION OF TERRORISM ACT
Page 631 and 632:
554 • PROVISIONAL IRISH REPUBLICA
Page 633 and 634:
556 • QADDAFI, MUAMMARBoth Great
Page 635 and 636:
558 • QA’EDA, ALwas assassinate
Page 637 and 638:
560 • QA’EDA, ALincluded recrui
Page 639 and 640:
562 • QA’EDA, ALfor the Riyadh
Page 641 and 642:
564 • QA’EDA, ALsyndicates to r
Page 643 and 644:
566 • QA’EDA IN IRAQ, ALwhen it
Page 645 and 646:
568 • QA’EDA IN THE ISLAMIC MAG
Page 647 and 648:
570 • QUTB, SAYYIDby the actions
Page 649 and 650:
572 • RACKETEER INFLUENCED CORRUP
Page 651 and 652:
574 • RED ARMY FACTIONThis group
Page 653 and 654:
576 • RED ARMY FOR THE LIBERATION
Page 655 and 656:
578 • RED BRIGADESarson, kidnappi
Page 657 and 658:
580 • RED HAND COMMANDOSCity, alt
Page 659 and 660:
582 • RELATIVE DEPRIVATION THEORY
Page 661 and 662:
584 • RENDITIONinvolved kidnappin
Page 663 and 664:
586 • REPUBLIC OF TEXASREPUBLIC O
Page 665 and 666:
588 • REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES
Page 667 and 668:
Page 669 and 670:
Page 671 and 672:
594 • REVOLUTIONARY ARMED TASK FO
Page 673 and 674:
596 • REVOLUTIONARY CELLSfounded
Page 675 and 676:
598 • REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE’S LI
Page 677 and 678:
600 • REVOLUTIONARY POPULAR STRUG
Page 679 and 680:
602 • REX CINEMA ARSON AND MASSAC
Page 681 and 682:
604 • RICINdays later. In Septemb
Page 683 and 684:
606 • RODRIGO FRANCO COMMANDattac
Page 685 and 686:
608 • SA’IQA, ALviolations and
Page 687 and 688:
610 • SALAFIST GROUP FOR PREACHIN
Page 689 and 690:
612 • SANDINISTASStates in the pe
Page 691 and 692:
614 • SANDINISTASJordan. On 21 Oc
Page 693 and 694:
616 • SANDINISTASlong-standing re
Page 695 and 696:
618 • SELF-DEFENSE FORCES OF COLO
Page 697 and 698:
620 • SELF-DEFENSE, RIGHT OFhaven
Page 699 and 700:
622 • SENDERO LUMINOSOThe SL was
Page 701 and 702:
624 • SENDERO LUMINOSOelected pre
Page 703 and 704:
626 • SIKH MILITANTSstronghold, w
Page 705 and 706:
628 • SIKH MILITANTSIn August 197
Page 707 and 708:
630 • SIKH MILITANTSSatnam Singh
Page 709 and 710:
632 • SKINHEADSsuch terrorist act
Page 711 and 712:
634 • SKINHEADSembraced 70,000 pe
Page 713 and 714:
636 • SKY MARSHAL PROGRAMand whit
Page 715 and 716:
638 • STATE CO-OPTATIONintensifie
Page 717 and 718:
640 • STATE SPONSORS OF TERRORISM
Page 719 and 720:
642 • STATE TERRORagainst its ene
Page 721 and 722:
644 • SUDAN PEOPLE’S LIBERATION
Page 723 and 724:
646 • SUICIDE TERRORISMcontrolled
Page 725 and 726:
648 • SUICIDE TERRORISMwent awry
Page 727 and 728:
650 • SUPERGRASS SYSTEMbook Dying
Page 729 and 730:
652 • SYMBIONESE LIBERATION ARMYt
Page 731 and 732:
654 • TACTICS OF TERRORISM- T -TA
Page 733 and 734:
656 • TAKFIRnor has it been banne
Page 735 and 736:
658 • TALIBANand casinos that had
Page 737 and 738:
660 • TALIBANThese attacks involv
Page 739 and 740:
662 • TARGETS AND TARGETINGfences
Page 741 and 742:
664 • TERRA LLIUREwith machine gu
Page 743 and 744:
666 • TERRORISM, DEFINITIONA fund
Page 745 and 746:
668 • TERRORISM ACT OF 2000accept
Page 747 and 748:
670 • TOKYO SUBWAY GAS ATTACKand
Page 749 and 750:
672 • TONTON MACOUTESof Asahara,
Page 751 and 752:
674 • TÚPAC AMARU REVOLUTIONARY
Page 753 and 754:
676 • LAS TURBAS DIVINASwith oper
Page 755 and 756:
678 • TURKISH PEOPLE’S LIBERATI
Page 757 and 758:
680 • ULSTER DEFENCE ASSOCIATIONn
Page 759 and 760:
682 • ULSTER FREEDOM FIGHTERStwo
Page 761 and 762:
684 • ULSTER VOLUNTEER FORCEsumma
Page 763 and 764:
686 • UMKHONTO WE SIZWEJune 1986
Page 765 and 766:
688 • UNITADeaths and severe inju
Page 767 and 768:
690 • USA PATRIOT ACT OF 2001On 1
Page 769 and 770:
692 • UTA FLIGHT 772 BOMBINGthe m
Page 771 and 772:
694 • WAR CRIMESin the event grou
Page 773 and 774:
696 • WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
Page 775 and 776:
698 • WEATHERMEN/WEATHER UNDERGRO
Page 777 and 778:
700 • WHITE PATRIOT ARMYeventuall
Page 779 and 780:
702 • WHITE WARRIORS’ UNIONof E
Page 781 and 782:
704 • WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING
Page 783 and 784:
706 • WORLD TRADE CENTER AND PENT
Page 785 and 786:
708 • ZAPATISTAS- Z -ZAPATISTAS.
Page 787 and 788:
710 • ZEALOTSof protest without t
Page 790 and 791:
BibliographyCONTENTSIntroduction 71
Page 792 and 793:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 715them. As Intern
Page 794 and 795:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 717The political s
Page 796 and 797:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 719case that deter
Page 798 and 799:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 721Henderson, Harr
Page 800 and 801:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 723———. The
Page 802 and 803:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 725Barnett, Roger
Page 804 and 805:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 727Grosscup, Beau.
Page 806 and 807:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 729Li, Richard P.
Page 808 and 809:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 731———. Terr
Page 810 and 811:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 733CONVENTIONAL AN
Page 812 and 813:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 735Sandler, Todd,
Page 814 and 815:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 737Tucker, Jonatha
Page 816 and 817:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 739Sullivan, John
Page 818 and 819:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 741Gordon, Avishag
Page 820 and 821:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 743Warbrick, Colin
Page 822 and 823:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 745Providers: Dete
Page 824 and 825:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 747Cordesman, Anth
Page 826 and 827:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 749———. “P
Page 828 and 829:
TERRORISM AND THE MASS MEDIABIBLIOG
Page 830 and 831:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 753Bloom, Mia. Dyi
Page 832 and 833:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 755Tugwell, Mauric
Page 834 and 835:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 757Martinez, Larry
Page 836 and 837:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 759Chumakova, Mari
Page 838 and 839:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 761McCormick, Gord
Page 840 and 841:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 763Wise, Carol, an
Page 842 and 843:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 765Gregory, Shaun.
Page 844 and 845:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 767Perspectives (V
Page 846 and 847:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 769Beitler, Ruth M
Page 848 and 849:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 771———. “C
Page 850 and 851:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 773Lewis, Bernard.
Page 852 and 853:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 775Satloff, Robert
Page 854 and 855:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 777Ahmad, Aijaz. L
Page 856 and 857:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 779Nagarajan, K. V
Page 858 and 859:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 781Frankland, Eric
Page 860 and 861:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 783held, by Commit
Page 862 and 863:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 785U.S. Congress.
Page 864 and 865:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 787Services. 109th
Page 866 and 867:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 789Biological Weap
Page 868 and 869:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 791House of Repres
Page 870 and 871:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 793on Management,
Page 872 and 873:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 795or insurgent gr
Page 874:
BIBLIOGRAPHY • 797Journal of Home
Page 877:
800 • ABOUT THE AUTHORSdomestic a
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Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

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