Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

62 • FIRST AVANGUARDIA ENTRY NAZIONALEAVANGUARDIA NAZIONALE (AN). The National Vanguard wasan Italian right-wing terrorist group founded in 1959 by StephanoDelle Chiaie. During the 1960s the group collaborated with otherright-wing groups throughout Europe in an umbrella organizationknown as the Black Orchestra. On 12 December 1969 the groupbombed the Banca della Agricultura in Milan, killing 16 people andinjuring 90 others, in an attempt to create a backlash against leftists,whom they tried to frame as the perpetrators. The AN attempted acoup d’état on 7 December 1970 against the Italian government. AfterDelle Chiaie fled to Spain, another neo-Fascist, Adriano Tigher,attempted to reconsititute the AN but was arrested by authorities forattempting to revive the banned Fascist Party. The remnants of theAN, along with several other far-right groups, merged into the BlackOrder after 1973.– B –BAADER-MEINHOF GANG. Journalistic name for the Rote ArmeeFraktion, or Red Army Faction (RAF), founded by the German leftistsAndreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof.BABBAR KHALSA. See SIKH MILITANTS.BALI BOMBINGS. Two separate sets of bombings have occurred onthe island of Bali, Indonesia, the first on 12 October 2002 and thesecond on 1 October 2005. Both attacks involved suicide bombersand both are believed to have been executed by members of JemaahIslamiyah (JI), an Islamic fundamentalist group believed to belinked to al Qa’eda. The first attack used both primary and secondaryexplosions, resulting in what was to that date the worst masscasualtyterrorist attack in Indonesian history.The 2002 attacks occurred shortly before midnight local time inthe tourist town of Kuta. A suicide bomber detonated the device hiddenin his backpack in Paddy’s Bar. This caused patrons to rush outinto the street, facing the Sari Club, in front of which an explosivespackedMitsubishi truck exploded, leaving a meter-deep crater. In all202 people were killed and 209 injured. Australian tourists accountedfor the largest group killed, at 88, while 38 Indonesians formed thesecond-largest group killed; the rest were tourists from Great Britain,