Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

JAPANESE RED ARMY • 329Nicholas Laurent Flinton was arrested by the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) in Lake City, South Carolina, on conspiracy chargesof plotting to attack targets in Colorado, including a plan to poisonpublic water supplies, for his role in the 1 August 1984 arson of a HareKrishna temple in Denver, and his role in the 30 January 1990 murderof Rashid Khalifa, another controversial Sunni Muslim leader.The group appeared to have had indirect support from the Pakistanigovernment through its intelligence services, which have usedKashmiri separatists and Fuqra members for attacks on Indianpositions along the cease-fire line dividing the Indian-controlled portionsof Kashmir from the Pakistani-controlled portions. Some groupmembers have had contact with Hamas and dissident Moro factionsin the Philippines. According to the FBI, since 1980 Fuqra has beenresponsible for 17 bombings and arsons and also 12 murders acrossthe United States. According to a 2002 report by Larry Martinez publishedin the Journal of Counterterrorism & Homeland Security (vol.8, no. 3, 36–38), each Fuqra has its own firing range where memberspractice firearms training, reportedly expending as many as 10,000rounds per person per year. By contrast, an average police officer(other than Special Weapons and Tactics team members) in a fairlyactive department may fire only 360 rounds per year in training.Because of Sheikh Gilani’s apparent ties with Islamic fundamentalistextremist groups, the U.S. State Department has listed Fuqrasince 1998 in its annual Patterns of Global Terrorism reports eventhough the group has not been designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization.Official suspicion of Gilani’s involvement in the murderof U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl, who was kidnapped while arrangingan interview with Sheikh Gilani in Pakistan, led Pakistani authoritiesto arrest him in Rawalpindi on 20 January 2002 and interrogate himin Lahore, although he was never tried for involvement in Pearl’skidnapping and murder. Media attention on Fuqra was intensifiedafter the exposure of the 2 June 2007 plot by four Muslim radicalsto destroy fuel lines and other infrastructure at JFK InternationalAirport, although no clear link between Fuqra and the plotters wasever established.JAPANESE RED ARMY (JRA). The JRA was a group of Japaneseanarchistic leftists who intended to incite a worldwide revolutionthrough terrorist actions. Although the JRA formerly enjoyed foreign