Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

654 • TACTICS OF TERRORISM– T –TACTICS OF TERRORISM. Brian Jenkins of the RAND Corporationhas identified six primary terrorist tactics: armed assault, assassination,bombing and/or arson, kidnapping, hijacking, andhostage taking. The distinction between kidnapping and hostagetaking is that the former usually involves capturing a victim who istransported to a secret and safe holding location, while hostage seizuresinstead involve barricade situations in which the hostage takersand their victims are in a known location. An example of kidnappingwould be the kidnapping of former Italian prime minister Aldo Moroby the Red Brigades, while an example of hostage taking would bethe Peruvian Japanese embassy hostage crisis of 1997 perpetratedby the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. As the distinctionbetween kidnapping and hostage taking appears to be in the accidentalcircumstances of the seizing of the victim, whereas the essentialterrorist action is that of depriving a person of individual liberty withthe threat of death or bodily harm, this dictionary considers hostagetaking to be just a special case of kidnapping.Jenkins describes the following as “facilitating crimes” rather thanprimary tactics: extortion, blackmail, bribery, money laundering,racketeering, drug-trafficking or bootlegging, and smuggling. Whilethese activities may help to finance or to protect the terrorist group,they are unsuitable in themselves to serve as acts of armed propagandasince they undermine the legitimacy and credibility that theterrorist group seeks.TAHRIR AL ISLAMI, AL (HT). The Hizb al Tahrir al Islami, orIslamic Liberation Party, was originally an Egyptian Islamic fundamentalistgroup that developed out of the Muslim Brotherhood butwhich has since spread into more than 40 countries, including GreatBritain, Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and several European andCentral Asian nations. Within Uzbekistan there is some evidence ofthe HT having overlapping memberships with the Islamic Movementof Turkistan. With the suppression of the Muslim Brotherhoodwithin Egypt following the failed assassination attempt uponEgyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser in 1954, thousands of theBrothers fled Egypt for other Arab lands. In Amman the MuslimBrotherhood became a strong presence in the University of Jordan