Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY • 471of the smaller factions and resumed using the name of the FLNC.The FLNC declared a three-month cease-fire in December 1999 butresumed violent activities in 2000. According to the RAND incidentdatabase, in the period 1976–1999 the FLNC was credited with just50 major attacks but in the period 2000–2007 it has carried out 106attacks, a sixfold increase. It should be noted that the RAND countof incidents is conservative since it often counts as one incident simultaneousattacks on different targets. With increased immigrationof North Africans into Corsica, the FLNC has begun to target theseimmigrants and its current rhetoric promotes discrimination againstthe hiring of such immigrants within Corsica.The FLNC is not known to have any foreign state sponsorshipand little is known about its political agenda apart from the demandof independence for Corsica. The FLNC appears to be unimpressedwith efforts by the central government of France to provide moreautonomy for Corsica, initiated by Prime Minister Lionel Jospin in1999, that would have allowed more self-rule and more use of theCorsican language in schools. On 6 July 2003 Corsicans voted 51percent to 49 percent against an autonomy plan to devolve more selfgovernmentto Corsica short of independence from France.NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY (ELN). The Ejército de LiberaciónNacional is the name of at least two major revolutionary guerrillagroups in Latin America:1. The Colombian National Liberation Army is a Castroite revolutionarygroup that enjoyed Cuban state sponsorship. Its maindistinction from other Colombian guerrilla groups has been its steadfastrefusal to participate in the national reconciliation negotiationsongoing between the Colombian government and other major leftistinsurgent groups since March 1984 or to participate in open electoralpolitics. The ELN has around 5,000 members and consists of severaloperationally independent fronts, some of which have turned intoseparate factions. One of these fronts, the Frente Simón Bolívar,eventually came to oppose the intransigence of the main leadershipof the ELN.The ELN was established on 4 July 1964 by leftist students disillusionedwith the Communist Party of Colombia (PCC) and more attractedto the Cuban revolution. Throughout its history, ELN has hadpoor relations with the Communist Party of Colombia, which in turn