Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

INTRODUCTION • lxxvfor their own ends. Examples of this can be found in the penetration ofthe Salvadoran transitional government’s military and security forces inthe early 1980s by privately run death squads, or EOKA-Beta’s penetrationof the Cypriot national guard and judiciary prior to the coup d’étatagainst Archbishop Makarios in 1974. The al Qa’eda group of Osamabin Laden to some degree co-opted the Taliban regime in Afghanistan,operating to some degree as a state within a state.Although these cases seem anomalous, the anarchistic leftists aresimply a variation of the revolutionary actor while the state co-optersare entrepreneurial or revolutionary actors that exploit opportunities tousurp control over a weakened state for achieving limited ends. Havingestablished a classification scheme broad enough to encompass eventhese subspecies, the reader can proceed to study who and what the variousterrorist groups are and the goals each group is seeking.NOTES1. H. H. A. Cooper, Evaluating the Terrorist Threat: Principles and AppliedRisk Assessment, Clandestine Tactics and Technology Series (Gaithersburg,Md.: International Association of Chiefs of Police, 1974), 4.2. Thomas P. Thornton, “Terror as a Weapon of Political Agitation,” inInternal War, ed. Harry Eckstein (New York: Free Press, 1964), 71–91.3. Michael T. McEwen, “Psychological Weapons against Terrorism: TheUnused Weapon,” Military Review 66, no. 1 (January 1986): 62.4. National Advisory Committee on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals,Report of the Task Force on Disorders and Terrorism (Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1976), 3.5. Taken from the title of Frederick J. Hacker’s Crusaders, Criminals orCrazies: Terror and Terrorism in Our Time (New York: Bantam, 1978).6. Grant Wardlaw, Political Terrorism: Theory, Tactics, and Counter-Measures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 16.7. Thornton, “Terror as a Weapon,” 72.8. Richard Schultz, “Conceptualizing Political Terrorism: A Typology,” inInternational Terrorism: Current Research and Directions, ed. Alan D. Buckleyand Daniel D. Olson (Wayne, N.J.: Avery Publishing Group, 1980), 9–15.9. Stephen Sloan, The Anatomy of Non-Territorial Terrorism: An AnalyticalEssay, Clandestine Tactics and Technology Series (Gaithersburg, Md.:International Association of Chiefs of Police, 1978), 3.10. Brian Jenkins, International Terrorism: A New Mode of Conflict (LosAngeles: Crescent Publications, 1974).