Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

344 • KACHAzerbaijan that is inhabited largely by Armenians. Although the JCAGand the ARA are not listed as Foreign Terrorist Organizations by theU.S. State Department nor considered by either RAND or the MemorialInstitute for the Prevention of Terrorism to be active, officials ofthe Republic of Turkey consider Armenian terrorism to remain an activethreat to Turkish national security nonetheless.– K –KACH. See JEWISH DEFENSE LEAGUE; JEWISH UNDER-GROUND.KACZYNSKI, THEODORE. See UNABOMBER.KANAK SOCIALIST NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT(FLNKS). The Front de Libération Nationale Kanake Socialiste is acoalition of several ethnonationalist proindependence political partiesrepresenting the interests of the Kanaks, that is, the Melanesiannatives of New Caledonia, as opposed to the interests of settlers ofFrench or other origins. The FLNKS once formed a coalition withthe Union Calédonienne, the oldest and largest Kanak party, thequasi-Marxist Parti de Libération Kanak (PALIKA), the socialistUnion Progressiste Melanésienne, and the Front Uni de LibérationKanak (FULK) that was led by Yann Celene Uregei until April 2000and subsequently led by Clarence Uregei. The agenda of FLNKS isrevolutionary, since attaining the twin goals of independence forNew Caledonia and sovereignty for the indigenous Kanaks, who nowmake up only 44.6 percent of the archipelago, would entail civil warwith the non-Kanak majority. So far, terrorist actions by membersof the FLNKS have been sporadic and limited in their aims, beingundertaken either to draw the attention of the French governmentand public to Kanak aspirations or else to block specific measuresbelieved to threaten Kanak interests.In late October 1981 three bombings occurred in Paris. The first,on 25 October, hit Fouquet’s restaurant on the Champs-Élysées; thesecond, on 27 October, destroyed a car parked at Charles de GaulleAirport; and the final bombing struck a cinema in downtown Paris.Injuries were sustained only in the last bombing, in which three people,including a pregnant woman, were hurt. Credit for these attacks