Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

306 • ISLAMIC JIHADLiberation Organization (PLO) in planning the protests in the occupiedWest Bank and Gaza Strip that evolved into the intifada.On 16 October 1986 two Palestinians made a grenade attack ona military swearing-in ceremony at the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem,killing one and wounding 68 others. This action was claimed by thePIJ, although several other groups also claimed credit. On 4 February1990 the PIJ machine-gunned an Israeli tour bus en route to Cairo,killing 11 and injuring 17 others. On 28 May 1990 the PIJ bombed aJerusalem street, killing one person and injuring nine passersby.Cooperation between the PIJ and the Iranian-sponsored HezbollahShi’ite militia of Lebanon developed when Israel expelled several PIJmembers to Lebanon, where they formed contacts with Iran and receivedtraining in Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps camps in theBekaa valley. The PIJ was the only Palestinian Islamic fundamentalistgroup that advocated the use of armed struggle against Israel priorto the outbreak of the intifada. After 1987 the PIJ fully cooperatedwith the PLO-dominated Unified National Leadership (UNL), whileHamas remained much more inclined to compete with, and evenfight against, more secular Palestinian groups active in the intifada.Following the Persian Gulf War in 1991, the PIJ drew closer to Iranwhile Hamas remained aloof toward Iran until late 1992, when Israelexpelled 400 Hamas members into Lebanon, where they were supportedand trained by Iranian-backed Hezbollah elements.Following the establishment of the Palestinian Authority, the PIJshot and killed an Israeli soldier in the Gaza Strip on 5 September1994. On 2 November 1994 Hani Abed, the leader of the PIJ militarywing, was killed by a car bomb in the Gaza Strip in what manyPalestinians believed to be a Mossad action. Then, on 11 November1994, a PIJ suicide bomber on a bicycle blew himself up, killing threeIsraeli soldiers and wounding 12 others. Following these attacks,Yasir Arafat ordered a crackdown on the PIJ and other Islamicmilitants, arresting 160 members of the group. On 22 January 1995Islamic Jihad suicide bombers struck an Israeli bus stop, killing 19and injuring 61 others.On 26 October 1995 Israeli agents assassinated Dr. Fathi Shiqaqi,the leader of Islamic Jihad, outside a seaside hotel on the island ofMalta. In reprisal, two PIJ bombers blew themselves up near twoIsraeli buses in the Gaza Strip, killing only themselves while injuring11 Israelis. Shortly after the assassination of Israeli Prime Minister