Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH • 335Bali bombing of 2002 and three other attacks targeting foreign tourists.Top is believed to have fled to Malaysia in March 2007 but to stillbe active in aiding Muslim militants in Indonesia and the Philippines.A third faction active in the district of Poso in the central area of theisland of Sulawesi, whose members have been attacking Christians andbombing churches there since 2000, was led by Abu Dujana, wantedby the Indonesian police for his role in the Bali bombing of 2002.During March 2007 the Jakarta division of JI known as JakartaAsykari held at least two training exercises with M-16 automaticrifles on the slopes of Mount Sumbing, a volcano in central Java,under the direction of Abu Dujana and another JI leader, Zulkarnayn,also wanted in connection with the 2002 Bali bombing. In late March2007 a joint Indonesian and Australian counterterrorism strike forceraided a JI cell in East Java, killing one suspect and arresting sevenothers. In addition, the joint force seized 20 bombs, 730 kilogramsof explosive materials, 45 kilograms of TNT, almost 200 detonators,and several weapons along with over a thousand rounds of ammunition.The cell had been planning an attack on the scale of the firstBali bombing. On 13 June 2007 Abu Dujana was arrested by Indonesianpolice, while on 15 June 2007 the Indonesian police capturedHambali’s second-in-command, Zarkasih.According to a study released in June 2008 by Dr. Carl Ungererand Dr. Peter Chalk of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute,although the JI appeared to be lapsing into inactivity it retained acore of more than 900 hard-line militants willing to threaten bothIndonesian and Australian security interests. Their research alsorevealed that the JI was making even more sophisticated and lethalbombs using ball bearings and bullets as shrapnel. On 5 July 2008Indonesian police seized 16 such bombs, electronic detonators, and50 kilograms of explosives in Palembang in West Sumatra intendedfor attacks on foreign tourists in Jakarta, and also arrested 10 militants,including the Singaporean bomb expert Mohammad Hassan,an aide of Mas Selamat bin Kastari, the leader of JI operations inSingapore who had escaped from prison in early 2007. According toRohan Gunaratna, since the capture of many of its key members, theJI has been concentrating more on recruiting and training militantsand building up its long-term strategic capabilities than carrying outimmediate operations. Following the attempted bombings in Bangaloreand Surat in India on 25 July 2008, Indian police learned from