Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

LASHKAR-E TAYYABA • 377Indian military and civilians to the use of large bombs in crowdedurban areas calculated to create massive civilian casualties.After the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks of September11, 2001, the United States designated the LT as a Foreign TerroristOrganization, and shortly afterward Pakistan banned the groupand froze its assets. Following this ban, the LT maintained the JD as aseparate political front under the leadership of Dr. Hafiz MuhammadSaeed, who founded the LT, and its armed wing under the command ofMaulana Abdul Wahhab Kashmiri. While the JD is legal in Pakistan,the United States regards it as merely an alias for the LT. In late 2001the LT and the JD moved their offices from outside Lahore to Muzzafarabad,the capital of the Pakistani-controlled part of Kashmir.The LT operates primarily in Jammu and Kashmir, although capturedenemy combatants at Guantánamo Bay indicate they have beentrained in LT camps. The LT has staged several attacks on Indianforces in Jammu and Kashmir using suicide-bomb squads of two tofive members. It also targets civilians by disguising its members as Indiansecurity forces and rounding up Hindu and Sikh villagers and thenmassacring them. The LT has been pursing recruitment of Indian Muslimswith plans to spread its insurgency into other states of India.The LT made its debut with an attack on the Red Fort in New Delhi,a monument symbolizing Indian independence, on 23 December 2000,killing three people. The LT participated in the 13 December 2001 attackon the Indian parliament led by the Jaish-e Muhammad (JEM),in which all five assailants were killed along with nine other people,though none of the victims were members of parliament. The LT alsoconducted two other attacks injuring 18 others during 2001. In 2002the LT conducted at least 10 attacks, killing 76 and injuring 108. TheLT killed Indian police and military personnel in Kashmir as wellas massacring Hindu and Sikh civilians there. The LT also attackedChristians within Pakistan on at least two occasions, killing six and injuring23 in an attack on a Presbyterian-run hospital on 9 August. During2003 there was one murder of a suspected informer in Kashmir on27 April, but the LT’s most significant attack that year was the bombingof Mumbai on 25 August, in which two large bombs hidden in taxisexploded near the Mumbadevi Hindu temple at rush hour, killing 52people and injuring at least 150. During 2005 the LT conducted threeminor attacks but also the bombing of several crowded Dehli markets,killing 61 and injuring 92 on 29 October, which coincided with Diwali,