Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

TEMPLE MOUNT OPERATION • 663nations while onboard security in the form of covert guards, such asthe U.S. Sky Marshal Program, also serves to deter hijacking.New U.S. embassies and federal courthouses are now designedwithout underground garages but with parking lots separated fromthe main building by terraced expanses of grass that prevent vehiclesfrom being driven up to, or into, the sides of the building. They alsohave smaller window spaces and Mylar coatings on their windows toreduce the effects of imploding glass shards and have also incorporatedmultiple independent foundations and supports to ensure that the collapseof one part of the building, say, due to a massive truck bomb orshoulder-launched rocket, would not compromise the structural integrityof the remaining building modules. In addition, such buildingshave screening devices at the entrances and also video cameras withinand facing out of the building to note suspicious activity or to allowidentification of suspects in the event of a terrorist attack.Target displacement refers to the tendency of terrorists to select alternativesoft targets or different tactics in reaction to target hardening.Thus, terrorists would tend to select older, unhardened governmentoffices instead of newer, hardened ones. Investigations following theEast African U.S. embassy bombings revealed that the terroristsselected those embassies to attack as they were not covered by a U.S.State Department initiative to harden existing embassy and consularbuildings, which instead concentrated mainly on those diplomaticfacilities found within the Middle East, Europe, and Latin America inwhich the probability of terrorist attacks was considered most likely.The measures taken to prevent airplane hijackings have caused manyterrorists instead either to attempt hijackings from airports in nationsthat lack security measures or to attempt to bomb planes in flight ratherthan to seize the plane and its passengers and crew as hostages.TEMPLE MOUNT OPERATION. In 1983, following the arrest ofseveral Gush Emunim members plotting to bomb five Arab buses inIsrael and the occupied territories, Israeli authorities learned that thegroup had been plotting during the previous four years to bomb theDome of the Rock in Jerusalem with 28 precision bombs. Earlier, inOctober 1982, Yoel Lerner, a member of the Kach movement, an offshootof the Jewish Defense League, had been arrested and later wasconvicted for planning to bomb the Dome of the Rock. On 10 March1983 Israeli authorities arrested another 10 Jewish militants armed