Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

DEMOCIDE • 141Order, which in turn produced the Armed Revolutionary Nucleigroup responsible for the 2 August 1980 bombing of Bologna’s mainrailroad station. These groups have been affiliated with each other,and with similar right-wing extremists outside Italy, through theBlack Orchestra, originally masterminded by Delle Chiaie.Delle Chiaie himself had fled to Spain in 1970 following an abortiveright-wing coup d’état attempt in Italy in which he participated.In Spain, Delle Chiaie became active in state sponsorship of deathsquad activities directed against members of the Basque Fatherlandand Liberty group. Following Francisco Franco’s death in 1975,Delle Chiaie reportedly moved in 1976 to Latin America, wherehe collaborated with the former right-wing military regimes in Argentinaand Chile in their internal campaigns to suppress domesticleftists and other political opponents. Following his involvement inan abortive coup attempt in Bolivia in 1980 and the fall from powerof his right-wing state sponsors in Argentina, Delle Chiaie went intohiding. He is alleged to have helped the Chilean and Argentineangovernment-coordinated campaign against dissidents in exile, knownas Operation Condor, and was also accused of involvement in the 30September 1974 assassination of the Chilean exile General CarlosPrats González in Buenos Aires.On 27 March 1987 Delle Chiaie was arrested in Caracas, Venezuela,and extradited to Italy for trial for his suspected involvement inthe Piazza Fortuna bombing of 1969; however, he was acquitted ofthis charge in 1989. In December 1995 Delle Chiaie gave testimonybefore an Italian magistrate against Enrique Arancibia Clavel, a Chileanagent, for his role in the murder of Prats. Clavel was later convictedon 24 August 2004 for this murder after Argentina repealedthe amnesty laws passed following the overthrow of the militaryjunta in 1982.DEMOCIDE. Democide is a term devised by political scientist RudolphJ. Rummel to encompass the various forms of mass killings of peopleby governments, usually by their own sovereign state. Democideis defined as the murder of any person or people by a government,whether by genocide, politicide, or mass murder. Genocide is thekilling of people for, among other things, their ascriptive groupmembership, such as race, ethnicity, religion of parents, language, orculture. Politicide is the murder of individuals or groups of people due