Historical Dictionary of Terrorism Third Edition

690 • USA PATRIOT ACT OF 2001On 12 May 1983 the UFF bombed the U.S. Army Reserve facilityin Uniondale, New York. The following night it bombed the Naval Reservecenter in Queens. The UFF accomplished its 10th major bombingby 19 March 1984 when it bombed an IBM facility near Purchase,New York, its third such attack on IBM. On 27 September 1984 theUFF bombed a Union Carbide office to protest the company’s investmentsin South Africa. The UFF also bombed facilities of Honeywell,the U.S. National Guard, and a Navy recruiting center. In 1981 TomManning and Richard Williams killed a New Jersey state trooper duringa traffic stop, the only known fatality caused by the UFF.Such left-wing groups as the UFF, Armed Resistance Unit, andNew World Liberation Front tended to pick bombing targets forsymbolic value and to target property rather than human life. Thesegroups generally would use the terrorist event as armed propagandafor specific issues or causes rather than as direct military tactics toachieve revolution. Accordingly, the UFF used to deposit leafletsnear targets and to call news agencies to give communiqués explainingtheir motives and cause. Instead of mobilizing widespread discussionof their specific issue of interest, however, the net result of theUFF bombing campaign was to motivate targeted firms and similarcompanies to adopt costly antiterrorist security measures, such asantibomb blast walls.The UFF was effectively ended with the arrests of its seven membersfrom November 1984 to April 1985. All seven were convicted on13 March 1986 on charges arising from the bombings conducted bythe group as well as the murder of the New Jersey policeman. Lavasseurwas released from prison in November 2004, while Manning andWilliams continue to serve their sentences for the murder of the NewJersey state trooper. The similarity of the tactics and language used bysuch groups as the UFF, the Sam Melville-Jonathan Jackson Unit, andthe Armed Resistance Unit have led many analysts to conclude thatthese were either one group or branches of a single original group.USA PATRIOT ACT OF 2001. This is actually an acronym for theUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate ToolsRequired to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, morecommonly referred to as the Patriot Act, which was a complex setof legislative measures meant to combat terrorism in response tothe World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks of September 11,